Joe T. Darden is Professor Emeritus of Geography, Environment & Spatial Sciences at Michigan State University. He won the American Geographical Society 2022 Van Cleef Memorial Medal for his distinguished work in the field of urban geography.

• 1. Antecedents to Bankruptcy2. Detroit Bankruptcy: The Characteristics of the Decision-Makers and the Differential Benefits Afterwards 3. Post-bankruptcy Social and Spatial Structure of Metropolitan Detroit: Anatomy of Class and Racial Residential Segregation4. Gentrification: A New Method to Measure Where the Process is Occurring by Neighborhoods5. Uneven Distribution of Economic Redevelopment: Which Neighborhoods are Excluded?6. Black and Hispanic Underrepresentation of Business Ownership in a Majority Black City 7. Racial Inequality Between Student Academic Achievement: A Neighborhood Solution to the Problem8. Unequal Exposure to Crime in the City: a New Method to Measure Exposure by the Characteristics of Neighborhoods9. Solving the Problem of Extreme Race and Class Inequality: Implementing the Spatial Mobility Alternative 10. Conclusions: The Status of Residents of Detroit After Bankruptcy

Joe T. Darden is Professor Emeritus of Geography, Environment & Spatial Sciences at Michigan State University. He won the American Geographical Society 2022 Van Cleef Memorial Medal for his distinguished work in the field of urban geography.

• 1. Antecedents to Bankruptcy2. Detroit Bankruptcy: The Characteristics of the Decision-Makers and the Differential Benefits Afterwards 3. Post-bankruptcy Social and Spatial Structure of Metropolitan Detroit: Anatomy of Class and Racial Residential Segregation4. Gentrification: A New Method to Measure Where the Process is Occurring by Neighborhoods5. Uneven Distribution of Economic Redevelopment: Which Neighborhoods are Excluded?6. Black and Hispanic Underrepresentation of Business Ownership in a Majority Black City 7. Racial Inequality Between Student Academic Achievement: A Neighborhood Solution to the Problem8. Unequal Exposure to Crime in the City: a New Method to Measure Exposure by the Characteristics of Neighborhoods9. Solving the Problem of Extreme Race and Class Inequality: Implementing the Spatial Mobility Alternative 10. Conclusions: The Status of Residents of Detroit After Bankruptcy

Joe T. Darden is Professor Emeritus of Geography, Environment & Spatial Sciences at Michigan State University. He won the American Geographical Society 2022 Van Cleef Memorial Medal for his distinguished work in the field of urban geography.

• 1. Antecedents to Bankruptcy2. Detroit Bankruptcy: The Characteristics of the Decision-Makers and the Differential Benefits Afterwards 3. Post-bankruptcy Social and Spatial Structure of Metropolitan Detroit: Anatomy of Class and Racial Residential Segregation4. Gentrification: A New Method to Measure Where the Process is Occurring by Neighborhoods5. Uneven Distribution of Economic Redevelopment: Which Neighborhoods are Excluded?6. Black and Hispanic Underrepresentation of Business Ownership in a Majority Black City 7. Racial Inequality Between Student Academic Achievement: A Neighborhood Solution to the Problem8. Unequal Exposure to Crime in the City: a New Method to Measure Exposure by the Characteristics of Neighborhoods9. Solving the Problem of Extreme Race and Class Inequality: Implementing the Spatial Mobility Alternative 10. Conclusions: The Status of Residents of Detroit After Bankruptcy