Amanda Jihyun Won is the director of the Institute of World Politics’ (IWP) China/Asia Program.

• PART I: STRATEGY AND OBJECTIVES OF NORTH KOREAN ESPIONAGE1. Why North Korea conducts espionageJuche Ideology as a Tool of IndoctrinationThe NK PsycheThe DPRK’s Control SystemThe KWP’s Control SystemThe Party’s Lower-tier Control SystemThe KWP’s Political Guidance Methodology to Control the Party Cadres and Non- Party GroupsThe KWP’s Control System over the KPARevolutionizationTargets2. NK’s National Strategy for EspionageDPRK’s National StrategyTheDPRK’sStrategyagainstSouthKoreaStrategies for the Revolutionization of the South and Reunification under Kim Jong UnThe Decision-Making Process of the DPRK’s Strategy for the Revolutionization of South KoreaVariables that influence the strategy of the Revolutionization of the SouthSouth Korean FactorsNorth Korea’s Domestic FactorsExternal (Foreign) FactorsThe North Korean Policy-Makers’ Understanding of World Affairs3. History of the DPRK’s Conduct of Strategy of Revolutionization of the South During the Cold WarObjectives of the DPRK’s Strategy of the Revolutionization of the South During the Cold WarDevelopment of the DPRK’s Strategy for the Revolutionization of the South during the Cold War Era4. The Shift of the DPRK’s Strategy of Revolutionization of the South in the Post-Cold War EraFactors and CharacteristicsChanges in StrategiesNorth Korea’s Re-evaluation of Strategies and Tactics to Revolutionize the SouthPART II: THE EVOLUTION OF THE NORTH KOREAN INTELLIGENCE SERVICE5. Operational Components of the North Korean Intelligence ServiceUnited Front DepartmentBureau 225Special Operations Forces (SOF) of the Korean People’s Army6. Strategic and Tactical Components of the North Korean SOFStrategic Components of the SOFTactical Components of the SOF7. The Evolution of the NKIS’s Command-and-Control StructureControl via a Mid-Level Guidance OrganizationControl via Secretary of Espionage Against South KoreaKim Jong Il’s Direct Control8. Tradecraft of the North Korean Intelligence ServiceNorth Korean EspionageThe NKIS IllegalsThe NKIS’s Exploitation of Student Activism in South KoreaNorth Korea’s Jusapa OperationsPART III: CASE STUDIES OF NORTH KOREAN ESPIONAGE AGAINST SOUTH KOREA9. Lt. No Gum Sok [???]: First North Korean pilot who defected to the U.S.10. Hwang Jang Yeop: An Architect of Juche Ideology who defected to the U.S. and South Korea11. Kim Hyun Hee: A North Korean spy who bombed Korean Airline (KAL) flight 858, which killed 115 people on board12. Kim Dong Sik: A North Korean spy who was arrested and defected to South Korea in 1995

Amanda Jihyun Won is the director of the Institute of World Politics’ (IWP) China/Asia Program.

• PART I: STRATEGY AND OBJECTIVES OF NORTH KOREAN ESPIONAGE1. Why North Korea conducts espionageJuche Ideology as a Tool of IndoctrinationThe NK PsycheThe DPRK’s Control SystemThe KWP’s Control SystemThe Party’s Lower-tier Control SystemThe KWP’s Political Guidance Methodology to Control the Party Cadres and Non- Party GroupsThe KWP’s Control System over the KPARevolutionizationTargets2. NK’s National Strategy for EspionageDPRK’s National StrategyTheDPRK’sStrategyagainstSouthKoreaStrategies for the Revolutionization of the South and Reunification under Kim Jong UnThe Decision-Making Process of the DPRK’s Strategy for the Revolutionization of South KoreaVariables that influence the strategy of the Revolutionization of the SouthSouth Korean FactorsNorth Korea’s Domestic FactorsExternal (Foreign) FactorsThe North Korean Policy-Makers’ Understanding of World Affairs3. History of the DPRK’s Conduct of Strategy of Revolutionization of the South During the Cold WarObjectives of the DPRK’s Strategy of the Revolutionization of the South During the Cold WarDevelopment of the DPRK’s Strategy for the Revolutionization of the South during the Cold War Era4. The Shift of the DPRK’s Strategy of Revolutionization of the South in the Post-Cold War EraFactors and CharacteristicsChanges in StrategiesNorth Korea’s Re-evaluation of Strategies and Tactics to Revolutionize the SouthPART II: THE EVOLUTION OF THE NORTH KOREAN INTELLIGENCE SERVICE5. Operational Components of the North Korean Intelligence ServiceUnited Front DepartmentBureau 225Special Operations Forces (SOF) of the Korean People’s Army6. Strategic and Tactical Components of the North Korean SOFStrategic Components of the SOFTactical Components of the SOF7. The Evolution of the NKIS’s Command-and-Control StructureControl via a Mid-Level Guidance OrganizationControl via Secretary of Espionage Against South KoreaKim Jong Il’s Direct Control8. Tradecraft of the North Korean Intelligence ServiceNorth Korean EspionageThe NKIS IllegalsThe NKIS’s Exploitation of Student Activism in South KoreaNorth Korea’s Jusapa OperationsPART III: CASE STUDIES OF NORTH KOREAN ESPIONAGE AGAINST SOUTH KOREA9. Lt. No Gum Sok [???]: First North Korean pilot who defected to the U.S.10. Hwang Jang Yeop: An Architect of Juche Ideology who defected to the U.S. and South Korea11. Kim Hyun Hee: A North Korean spy who bombed Korean Airline (KAL) flight 858, which killed 115 people on board12. Kim Dong Sik: A North Korean spy who was arrested and defected to South Korea in 1995

Amanda Jihyun Won is the director of the Institute of World Politics’ (IWP) China/Asia Program.

• PART I: STRATEGY AND OBJECTIVES OF NORTH KOREAN ESPIONAGE1. Why North Korea conducts espionageJuche Ideology as a Tool of IndoctrinationThe NK PsycheThe DPRK’s Control SystemThe KWP’s Control SystemThe Party’s Lower-tier Control SystemThe KWP’s Political Guidance Methodology to Control the Party Cadres and Non- Party GroupsThe KWP’s Control System over the KPARevolutionizationTargets2. NK’s National Strategy for EspionageDPRK’s National StrategyTheDPRK’sStrategyagainstSouthKoreaStrategies for the Revolutionization of the South and Reunification under Kim Jong UnThe Decision-Making Process of the DPRK’s Strategy for the Revolutionization of South KoreaVariables that influence the strategy of the Revolutionization of the SouthSouth Korean FactorsNorth Korea’s Domestic FactorsExternal (Foreign) FactorsThe North Korean Policy-Makers’ Understanding of World Affairs3. History of the DPRK’s Conduct of Strategy of Revolutionization of the South During the Cold WarObjectives of the DPRK’s Strategy of the Revolutionization of the South During the Cold WarDevelopment of the DPRK’s Strategy for the Revolutionization of the South during the Cold War Era4. The Shift of the DPRK’s Strategy of Revolutionization of the South in the Post-Cold War EraFactors and CharacteristicsChanges in StrategiesNorth Korea’s Re-evaluation of Strategies and Tactics to Revolutionize the SouthPART II: THE EVOLUTION OF THE NORTH KOREAN INTELLIGENCE SERVICE5. Operational Components of the North Korean Intelligence ServiceUnited Front DepartmentBureau 225Special Operations Forces (SOF) of the Korean People’s Army6. Strategic and Tactical Components of the North Korean SOFStrategic Components of the SOFTactical Components of the SOF7. The Evolution of the NKIS’s Command-and-Control StructureControl via a Mid-Level Guidance OrganizationControl via Secretary of Espionage Against South KoreaKim Jong Il’s Direct Control8. Tradecraft of the North Korean Intelligence ServiceNorth Korean EspionageThe NKIS IllegalsThe NKIS’s Exploitation of Student Activism in South KoreaNorth Korea’s Jusapa OperationsPART III: CASE STUDIES OF NORTH KOREAN ESPIONAGE AGAINST SOUTH KOREA9. Lt. No Gum Sok [???]: First North Korean pilot who defected to the U.S.10. Hwang Jang Yeop: An Architect of Juche Ideology who defected to the U.S. and South Korea11. Kim Hyun Hee: A North Korean spy who bombed Korean Airline (KAL) flight 858, which killed 115 people on board12. Kim Dong Sik: A North Korean spy who was arrested and defected to South Korea in 1995