Thermoforming

A Plastics Processing Guide, Second Edition

AvGeza Gruenwald

Inbunden, Engelska, 1998

2 434 kr

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Beskrivning

FROM THE FOREWORDDr. Gruenwald has indicated the desirable properties of polymerics for differing applications; thus, his text is especially useful for polymer chemists who must "tailor" plastic materials for specific groups of applications. Engineers in extruding and calendering film and sheet will benefit from the intimate relationships elucidated between processing parameters imposed upon stocks employed in thermoforming and the products thereof. Mold designers are provided with a complete guide that will enable them to avoid the less obvious pitfalls and wasted effort so often experienced in the evolution of molds for (especially) complex parts.. Quite likely, Dr. Gruenwald's suggestions willl lead to considerable benefits to those who read and practice by this remarkable exposition of thermoforming technology.Robert K. JordanDirector-Metalliding Institute, Director-Engineering Research Institute, Scientist in Residence, Gannon University

Produktinformation

Utgivningsdatum:1998-05-08
Mått:152 x 229 x undefined mm
Vikt:566 g
Format:Inbunden
Språk:Engelska
Antal sidor:256
Upplaga:2
Förlag:Taylor & Francis Inc
ISBN:9781566766258

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Innehållsförteckning

ForewordPreface Introduction Heating of the PlasticMeans of conveying heat to the plastic Physics of radiation properties Thermal properties of plastics Heating equipment for plastic sheets Judging the correct temperature of the heated sheet Heater controls Clamping of sheets Thermoforming MoldsReduction in wall thickness, male and female molds Computer-aided engineering for thermoforming Part shrinkage and dimensional tolerances Warpage Draft in the mold Surface appearance Mold materials Mold-cooling provisions Air passage holes Increasing stiffness Mold plugs Vacuum, Air pressure and Mechanical ForcesMeasuring vacuum and pressure forces Vacuum sources Vacuum accumulators or surge tanks Application of vacuum forces Pressure forming Mechanical forming Cooling of Thermoformed PartsMeans of cooling the formed part Non-conventional cooling methods Trimming of Thermoforming EquipmentTools for trimming Thermoforming EquipmentSingle-station thermoformer Shuttle thermoformer Rotary thermoforming equipment Continuous in-line thermoformers In-line thermoformer Linear thermoformers Pneumatic thermoformers Hydraulically operated thermoformers Mechanically operated thermoformers Skin packaging equipment Blister packaging equipment Snap packaging Vacuum packaging Packaging machinery Control mechanisms Thermoforming-Related Material PropertiesGlass transition temperature Heat deflection temperature Softening range and hot strength Specific heat Thermal conductivity Thermal expansion Heat of fusion Thermal diffusivity Thermal stability Water absorption Orientation and crystallization Manufacture of starting materials Coextrusions and laminates Mechanical properties Material economics Regrind utilization Thermoforming Materials' Chemical DescriptionsAcrylics Cellulosics Polyolefins Styrene polymers Vinyl resins Engineering plastics Copolymers, blends, and

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