Bertram J. Levine is the Charles Evans Hughes Fellow in Political Science (Emeritus) at Colgate University and a member of the Rutgers University Political Science Department. Prior to pursuing his PhD, he was Vice President of Federal Government Relations and State Government Relations for Johnson and Johnson. In that capacity, he headed the company’s lobbying efforts in Washington, DC. During the 92nd and 93rd Congresses he served as a counsel to the Energy and Commerce Committee in the U.S. House of Representatives. Levine is the coauthor of Lobbying Congress: How the System Works, Second Edition. He has also authored a number of articles on interest groups and lobbying.