FAST: Faceted Application of Subject Terminology

Lois Mai Chan is professor of library and information science at the University of Kentucky.Edward T. O'Neill is a consulting research scientist at OCLC.

• PrefacePart I: Introduction1 Information Organization: Approaches and PrinciplesIntroductionInformation Searching EnvironmentsThe InternetOnline DatabasesLibrary Catalogs and BibliographiesSubject Access to InformationKeyword SearchingControlled Vocabulary AccessKeyword and Controlled Vocabulary Search ResultsClassificationPrinciples of Controlled VocabularyUniform and Unique HeadingsConsistent and Current TerminologySpecific EntryTerminological Control and Term RelationshipsRepresentation of Complex SubjectsCharacteristics of Indexing LanguagesSubdivision PracticeEnumerative versus Synthetic LanguagesFacetingPrecoordination versus PostcoordinationFrom Cards to ComputersCard CatalogsOnline Catalogs and DatabasesControlled Vocabulary SystemsLibrary of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH)Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)FAST (Faceted Application of Subject Terminology)Selecting an Indexing/Classification SchemaCompatibility with Existing MetadataEase of AssignmentRetrieval EffectivenessCost of MaintenanceConclusion2 Metadata EncodingBibliographic DataPrint RepresentationBook CatalogsCard CatalogsDigital RepresentationThe MARC Bibliographic FormatsMARC 21MARC Record StructureUNIMARCXML (Extensible Markup Language)MARCXMLMODSDublin CoreAuthority DataPrint RepresentationDigital RepresentationMARC 21Other MARC Authority FormatsSKOSConclusionPart II: FAST Headings3 Introduction to FASTImpact of the Internet and the World Wide WebThe History of FASTSources of FAST HeadingsPrinciplesSemanticsCommon and Current UsageLiterary WarrantUniform HeadingUnique HeadingSyntax of HeadingsFacetingEnumeration versus SynthesisPrecoordination versus PostcoordinationPrecoordinationPostcoordinationHeading StructureMain HeadingsSubdivisionsQualifiersModular ApproachConclusion4 Topical HeadingsIntroductionFunctions of Topical HeadingsForms of Topical HeadingsSingle-Concept HeadingsSingle-Word HeadingsMultiple-Word HeadingsAdjectival Phrase HeadingsPrepositional Phrase HeadingsMultiple-Concept HeadingsCompound Phrase HeadingsPrepositional Phrase HeadingsHeadings with SubdivisionsTypes of Topical HeadingsHeadings Representing Concepts and ObjectsForm/Genre as SubjectsFictitious, Legendary, and Mythological CharactersNamed AnimalsImaginary Places and OrganizationsGeologic PeriodsOther Entities Bearing Proper NamesInverted Headings5 Geographic HeadingsIntroductionTypes of Geographic HeadingsJurisdictional HeadingsNonjurisdictional HeadingsChanges of NameLinear Name ChangesMergers or SplitsMergersSplitsLanguage and Form of Geographic HeadingsLanguageAbbreviationsGrammatical FormQualifiersPlace QualifiersType QualifiersPlace and Type QualifiersLevels of Geographic HeadingsFirst-Level Geographic HeadingsSecond-Level Geographic HeadingsThird-Level Geographic HeadingsCity Sections and NeighborhoodsNew York City BoroughsLondon BoroughsAreas Associated with CitiesEntities within CitiesBridges and TunnelsSpecial CasesExtinct Cities and Ancient KingdomsArchaeological SitesBodies of WaterIslandsInterstates/Highways/Freeway InterchangesDisputed TerritoriesLanguage-Based TerritoriesParks, Reserves, and so ForthOther Man-Made Structures Associated with Places Larger Than a CityExtraterrestrial BodiesLatitude, Longitude, and Feature Type6 Chronological HeadingsIntroductionForms of Chronological HeadingsB.C./A.D.Geologic PeriodsHeadings for Named Historical PeriodsChronological Headings Containing Dates Only7 Headings for EventsIntroductionForms of Event HeadingsLanguageQualifiersTypes of Event HeadingsHeadings for Military ConflictsHeadings for MeetingsHeadings for Sporting EventsHeadings for Other EventsChronological and Geographic Headings for Events8 Proper Names as Subject HeadingsHeadings for PersonsPrinciplesNames of Individual PersonsNames of FamiliesNames of Dynasties, Royal Houses, and so ForthHeadings for Corporate BodiesPrinciplesForms of Headings for Corporate BodiesLanguageQualifiersHeadings for Main Corporate BodiesGovernmentsNongovernment BodiesHeadings for Subordinate BodiesCorporate Name ChangesHeadings for TitlesPrinciplesForms of Headings for TitlesLanguageQualifiersTypes of Headings for TitlesAnonymous WorksWorks of Known AuthorshipWorks from Corporate Bodies, Conferences, Meetings, Etc.9 Form and Genre HeadingsIntroductionPrinciplesForms of Form and Genre HeadingsMain HeadingSubdivisionExamples of FAST Form and Genre HeadingsGeneral Form HeadingsAudiovisual MaterialsArtCartographyLawLiteratureMusicReligion10 Cross-ReferencesIntroductionEquivalence RelationshipSynonymous TermsVariant SpellingsAbbreviations, Acronyms, Initials, and so ForthDifferent Language TermsPopular and Scientific TermsAlternative FormsDifferent Entry ElementsNarrow Terms Not Used as HeadingsAmbiguous RelationshipsHierarchical RelationshipsGenus/Species (or Class/Class Member) RelationshipInstance RelationshipWhole/Part RelationshipCompound and Complex RelationshipAssociative RelationshipsCross-References for Proper Name HeadingsPersonal NamesNames of Individual PersonsFamily NamesNames of Fictitious and Mythological CharactersDynastiesHouses of Dukes, Counts, or EarlsCorporate NamesGeographic NamesJurisdictional NamesNonjurisdictional NamesChanges in Geographic NamesHeadings for Other Named EntitiesHeadings for EventsHeadings for TitlesConclusionPart III: Application of FAST11 The FAST DatabaseIndexing OverviewQueriesSearchingKeywords in HeadingsAdvanced SearchingPhrase SearchingKeyword SearchingGeographic IndexesOther IndexesIndex View12 Application of FAST HeadingsIntroductionCoding for FAST Headings in Bibliographic RecordsMARC RecordsDublin Core RecordsExhaustivity in Cataloging or IndexingAssigning FAST HeadingsIdentifying Concepts and Facets within the TopicSelecting Form/Genre HeadingsSelecting Subject HeadingsTopical HeadingsWorks on a Single TopicWorks on Multiple TopicsWorks on Complex TopicsTopics with Multiple ConceptsGeographic HeadingsChronological HeadingsName HeadingsTitle HeadingsTopics with Multiple FacetsSubject RelationsFAST Application ExamplesExample 1: People and Predators: from Conflict to CoexistenceExample 2: Daily Life in Colonial New EnglandExample 3: Style and the Nineteenth-century British Critic: Sincere MannerismsExample 4: Fife and TaysideExample 5: Anne Frank: Reflections on Her Life and LegacyExample 6: 2005 Hydrographic Survey of South San Francisco Bay, California [Web site]Example 7: Shakespeare in the Victorian PeriodicalsExample 8: Portrait of an Unknown WomanExample 9: The PretenderExample 10: First Emperor of China [DVD]Example 11: Japan: Economic, Political and Social IssuesExample 12: Detours [Audio CD]Part IV: Authority Control and Implementation13 Derivation of FAST HeadingsBackgroundTopical HeadingsEnumeration of Assigned HeadingsValidationRecoding of FormsNormalizationLCSH Authority FileSubdivisionsGeographic HeadingsEvent HeadingsEvent Headings Derived from Topical HeadingsEvent Headings Derived from Period SubdivisionsEvent Headings Derived from LCSH Conferences and Meetings NamesHeadings for Names of Persons and FamiliesHeadings for Names of Corporate BodiesHeadings for TitlesWorks of Anonymous AuthorshipWorks of Personal AuthorshipWorks of Corporate BodiesWorks from Conferences and MeetingsChronological HeadingsForm Headings14 FAST Authority RecordsIntroductionAuthority DataAuthority RecordsMARC Record Structure for AuthoritiesCreation of FAST Authority RecordsExample 1. Vestischer Künstlerbund RecklinghausenExample 2. David D. SmyersExample 3. Battle of AgincourtExample 4. Ferryboat CaptainsExample 5. Columbus DispatchExample 6. McConnelsvilleExample 7. Infants—Diseases—PatientsAdditional Examples of FAST Authority RecordsTopical HeadingsGeographic HeadingsChronological HeadingsPersonal Name HeadingsCorporate HeadingsEvent HeadingsTitle HeadingsForm/Genre HeadingsNormalizationConflictsAdditional ValidationObsolete Authority Records15 Authority ControlDefinitionNeed for Authority ControlValidationCorrectionStylisticTagging and Subfield CodingCross-ReferencesTypographical ErrorsObsolete HeadingsConclusion16 Faceting LCSH into FASTIntroductionIdentification and Recoding of Form SubdivisionsAlgorithmic Faceting of LCSH to FASTFaceting of FormsFaceting of TitlesTitles of Anonymous WorksTitles for Works of Known AuthorshipFaceting of EventsFaceting of Geographic NamesMain HeadingsSubdivisionsFaceting of Personal NamesFaceting of Corporate NamesFaceting of ChronologicalsFaceting of TopicalsReference RecordsValidationConclusionAppendixesAppendix A: FAST Authority Records StructureAppendix B: Geologic PeriodsAppendix C: Geographic NamesAppendix D: Musical InstrumentsGlossaryBibliographyIndexAbout the Authors