Jean Batou, Ph.D. (1989) in Economic and social sciences, University of Geneva, is professor of modern international history at the University of Lausanne. He has published extensively on globalization, uneven development and social movements in a historical perspective including, One Hundred Years of Resistance to Underdevelopment (Droz, 1990), Uneven Development in Europe, 1918-1939 (Droz, 1998)Henryk Szlajfer, PhD. (1977) in Sociology, Warsaw University and Habilitation (2006) in Political Sciences, Polish Academy of Sciences, is Professor at the Polish Academy of Sciences and Warsaw University. Has published on Latin American history, economic nationalism and European international affairs including, Economic Nationalism in Latin America and East-Central Europe under the Fisrt Globalization (ISP PAN, 2005), Poles and Jews: The Clash of Stereotypes (Scholar, 2003).

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• Preface: “Marian Malowist: An Appreciation”, Immanuel WallersteinIntroduction: “I chased aft er Polish grain all over the world”, Jean Batou and Henryk SzlajferESSAYS OF MARIAN MALOWIST1. Commercial Capitalism and Agriculture 2. Merchant Credit and the Putting-Out System: Rural Production during the Middle Ages 3. Some Remarks on the Role of Merchant Capital in Eastern Europe in the Late Middle Ages 4. Kaffa. The Genoese Colony in the Crimea and the Eastern Question (1453–1475) 5. Levantine Trade with Eastern Europe in the 16th Century. Some Problems 6. Poland, Russia and Western Trade in the 15th and 16th Centuries 7. The Problem of the Inequality of Economic Development in Europe in the Later Middle Ages 8. Problems of the Growth of the National Economy of Central-Eastern Europe in the LateMiddle Ages9. East and West Europe in the 13th–16th Centuries. Confrontation of Social andEconomic Structures10. Economic and Political Divisions in Medieval and Early Modern Europe 11. Eastern Europe and the Countries of the Iberian Peninsula. Parallels and Contrasts 12. The Social and Economic Stability of the Western Sudan in the Middle Ages 13. The Western Sudan in the Middle Ages. Underdevelopment in the Empires of the Western Sudan Hopkins-Malowist Debate 14. Social and Economic Life in Timur’s Empire 15. New Saray, Capital of the Golden Horde 16. The Foundations of European Expansion in Africa in the 16th Century. Europe, Maghreb and Western Sudan 17. Portuguese Expansion in Africa and European Economy at the Turn of the 15th Century 18. Gulf of Guinea Countries in the 15th and Early 16th Century Selected bibliography Index of names

Jean Batou, Ph.D. (1989) in Economic and social sciences, University of Geneva, is professor of modern international history at the University of Lausanne. He has published extensively on globalization, uneven development and social movements in a historical perspective including, One Hundred Years of Resistance to Underdevelopment (Droz, 1990), Uneven Development in Europe, 1918-1939 (Droz, 1998)Henryk Szlajfer, PhD. (1977) in Sociology, Warsaw University and Habilitation (2006) in Political Sciences, Polish Academy of Sciences, is Professor at the Polish Academy of Sciences and Warsaw University. Has published on Latin American history, economic nationalism and European international affairs including, Economic Nationalism in Latin America and East-Central Europe under the Fisrt Globalization (ISP PAN, 2005), Poles and Jews: The Clash of Stereotypes (Scholar, 2003).

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• Preface: “Marian Malowist: An Appreciation”, Immanuel WallersteinIntroduction: “I chased aft er Polish grain all over the world”, Jean Batou and Henryk SzlajferESSAYS OF MARIAN MALOWIST1. Commercial Capitalism and Agriculture 2. Merchant Credit and the Putting-Out System: Rural Production during the Middle Ages 3. Some Remarks on the Role of Merchant Capital in Eastern Europe in the Late Middle Ages 4. Kaffa. The Genoese Colony in the Crimea and the Eastern Question (1453–1475) 5. Levantine Trade with Eastern Europe in the 16th Century. Some Problems 6. Poland, Russia and Western Trade in the 15th and 16th Centuries 7. The Problem of the Inequality of Economic Development in Europe in the Later Middle Ages 8. Problems of the Growth of the National Economy of Central-Eastern Europe in the LateMiddle Ages9. East and West Europe in the 13th–16th Centuries. Confrontation of Social andEconomic Structures10. Economic and Political Divisions in Medieval and Early Modern Europe 11. Eastern Europe and the Countries of the Iberian Peninsula. Parallels and Contrasts 12. The Social and Economic Stability of the Western Sudan in the Middle Ages 13. The Western Sudan in the Middle Ages. Underdevelopment in the Empires of the Western Sudan Hopkins-Malowist Debate 14. Social and Economic Life in Timur’s Empire 15. New Saray, Capital of the Golden Horde 16. The Foundations of European Expansion in Africa in the 16th Century. Europe, Maghreb and Western Sudan 17. Portuguese Expansion in Africa and European Economy at the Turn of the 15th Century 18. Gulf of Guinea Countries in the 15th and Early 16th Century Selected bibliography Index of names

Jean Batou, Ph.D. (1989) in Economic and social sciences, University of Geneva, is professor of modern international history at the University of Lausanne. He has published extensively on globalization, uneven development and social movements in a historical perspective including, One Hundred Years of Resistance to Underdevelopment (Droz, 1990), Uneven Development in Europe, 1918-1939 (Droz, 1998)Henryk Szlajfer, PhD. (1977) in Sociology, Warsaw University and Habilitation (2006) in Political Sciences, Polish Academy of Sciences, is Professor at the Polish Academy of Sciences and Warsaw University. Has published on Latin American history, economic nationalism and European international affairs including, Economic Nationalism in Latin America and East-Central Europe under the Fisrt Globalization (ISP PAN, 2005), Poles and Jews: The Clash of Stereotypes (Scholar, 2003).

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• Preface: “Marian Malowist: An Appreciation”, Immanuel WallersteinIntroduction: “I chased aft er Polish grain all over the world”, Jean Batou and Henryk SzlajferESSAYS OF MARIAN MALOWIST1. Commercial Capitalism and Agriculture 2. Merchant Credit and the Putting-Out System: Rural Production during the Middle Ages 3. Some Remarks on the Role of Merchant Capital in Eastern Europe in the Late Middle Ages 4. Kaffa. The Genoese Colony in the Crimea and the Eastern Question (1453–1475) 5. Levantine Trade with Eastern Europe in the 16th Century. Some Problems 6. Poland, Russia and Western Trade in the 15th and 16th Centuries 7. The Problem of the Inequality of Economic Development in Europe in the Later Middle Ages 8. Problems of the Growth of the National Economy of Central-Eastern Europe in the LateMiddle Ages9. East and West Europe in the 13th–16th Centuries. Confrontation of Social andEconomic Structures10. Economic and Political Divisions in Medieval and Early Modern Europe 11. Eastern Europe and the Countries of the Iberian Peninsula. Parallels and Contrasts 12. The Social and Economic Stability of the Western Sudan in the Middle Ages 13. The Western Sudan in the Middle Ages. Underdevelopment in the Empires of the Western Sudan Hopkins-Malowist Debate 14. Social and Economic Life in Timur’s Empire 15. New Saray, Capital of the Golden Horde 16. The Foundations of European Expansion in Africa in the 16th Century. Europe, Maghreb and Western Sudan 17. Portuguese Expansion in Africa and European Economy at the Turn of the 15th Century 18. Gulf of Guinea Countries in the 15th and Early 16th Century Selected bibliography Index of names