Untangling the Thread of Racism

Maria Trent, MD, MPH, FSAHM, FAAP is a Bloomberg Professor of American Health, Pediatrics, and Nursing at the Johns Hopkins University and the Senior Associate Dean of Diversity and Inclusive Excellence for Johns Hopkins Medicine. She also directs the Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine and the Adolescent Health Research Training Program within the Department of Pediatrics. She is an independent scientist with a substantial publication record focused on addressing health disparities in youth and is the principal or key investigator of multiple research projects funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and other funding agencies. Dr Trent currently serves on the board of directors for several non-profit organizations and the editorial board of JAMA Pediatrics. She is the past president of the Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine and former Chair of the Section on Adolescent Health for the American Academy of Pediatrics. In her service to the AAP, she was a lead author of the transformative policy statement "The Impact of Racism on Child and Adolescent Health."Danielle G. Dooley MD, MPhil, FAAP is a general pediatrician at Children’s National Hospital and Assistant Professor of Pediatrics at the George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences. She serves as the Medical Director of Community Affairs and Population Health in the Child Health Advocacy Institute at Children’s National. Her work with the AAP includes serving as Chair of the National Nominating Committee and  coauthoring the transformative policy statement, "The Impact of Racism on Child and Adolescent Health."Jacqueline DougÉ MD, MPH, FAAP is a general pediatrician and public health practitioner. She has held numerous roles in the health sector, including practicing clinically and serving as Deputy Health Officer of the Frederick County Health Department and as the Child Health Bureau Director at the Howard County Health Department, both located in Maryland. Presently, she is an Assistant Professor of Public Health at Hood College's Department of Nursing. She has a deep passion for expanding healthcare access and addressing maternal and child health disparities. Her work has included implementing school-based telemedicine, school-based mental health services, and innovative school-based sexually transmitted infection (STI) testing and contraception programs to improve healthcare accessibility and address disparities. She has also served on the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) Council on Community Pediatrics Prevention and Public Health Special Interest Group as co-chair, as a member of the Task Force on Diversity and Inclusion, a member of the AAP News Editorial Board, and as a co-author of the transformative policy statement, "The Impact of Racism on Child and Adolescent Health."

• Part I. Framing the Issues1. Moving Toward Health EquityJacqueline DougÉ, MD, MPH; Gerri Mattson MD, MSPH2. Social Determinants of Health and the Invisible Ubiquity of Racism: A Driving Force of Health Inequities and the Way ForwardRachel L. J. Thornton, MD, PhD3. Implicit and Explicit Biases and the Pediatric Health ProfessionalTiffani J. Johnson, MD, MSc4. How Adults Can Promote Positive Racial-Ethnic Identities in the Context of Structural RacismDiane L. Hughes, PhD, Valerie Adams-Bass, PhD5. Understanding Racism and AdolescenceAnisha Abraham, MD, MPH and Maria Trent, MD, MPHPart II. Intersections of Racism and Health for Children and AdolescentsSection I. Population-Specific Issues6. Considering Multiracial Youths: Identity Challenges and Health OutcomesBrenda Straka, PhD; Sarah Gaither, PhD7. Treaties, Public Health Service, and Health Status of Native American Children, Adolescents and Young Adults  Joseph Burns, MD; Allison Empey, MD8. The Model Minority MythY. Joel Wong, PhD; Jonathan Kang, MS9. T Nadia Dowshen, MD, MSHP; Renata Arrington-Sanders, MD, MPH, ScM10. The Intersection of Racism, Immigration, and Child HealthDiana Montoya-Williams, MD MSHP; Julie M. Linton, MD; Olanrewaju Falusi, MD, MEd11. Neurodevelopmental Disorders and the Impact of RacismAdiaha Spinks-Franklin, MD, MPH; Shruti Mittal, MD; Silvia Pereira-Smith, MD; Nathaniel Savio Beers, MD, MPA12. Addressing the Impact of Racism on the Mental Health of Youth: A Focus on Pediatric Health Professionals and CollaboratorsAlfiee Breland-Noble, Ph.D., MHSc; Bridget E. Weller, Ph.D.; Akilah Patterson, MPH; Riana Elyse Anderson, Ph.D.13. Substance Use Policy and PracticeHoover Adger, Jr., MD, MPH, MBA; J. Deanna Wilson, MD, MPH14. Reproductive Justice-Informed Care for STIs, Contraception, and Abortion in PediatricsJ’Mag Karbeah, PhD, MPH; Asha Hassan, MPH; Rachel Hardeman, PhD, MPHSection II.  Community Experiences of Racism15.  The Role of Racism in Child and Adolescent InjuriesBenjamin D. Hoffman MD16. The Impact of Racism on EducationDanielle G. Dooley, MD, MPhil; Desiree de la Torre, MPH, MBA; Tonya Vidal Kinlow, MPA; Gabrina Dixon, MD, MEd17. Impact of Interactions with Law Enforcement on the Health of Racially Minoritized YouthsMonique Jindal, MD, MPH, FACP, FAAP; Alexandra M.S. Corley, MD, MPH, FAAP18. Juvenile JusticeMikah Owen, MD and Stephenie Wallace MD19. Environmental JusticeJerome A. Paulson, MD; Bethany Carlos, MD, MPHPart III. Optimizing Anti-racism in PracticeSection I. Clinical Practice20. Using Racial Equity Policy Tools to Further Anti-racism in PediatricsNia Heard-Garris, MD, MSc; Nevin J. Heard, PhD, NCC21. Culturally Congruent Strategies to Build the Pediatric Health WorkforceHarolyn M.E. Belcher, MD, MHS; Marie V. Plaisime, PhD, MPH; Carmel D. Bogle, MD22. Book Sharing and Children’s Literature as a Strategy for Facilitating Conversations on RaceDipesh Navsaria, MPH, MSLIS, MD23. Talking with White Children and Adolescents About RacismMargaret A. Hagerman, PhD; Megan R. Underhill, PhD24. Racial Trauma and Trauma-Informed PracticeCamille A. Broussard, MD, MPH and Nia I. Bodrick, MD, MPH25. Why #RepresentationMatters in MediaNusheen Ameenuddin, MD, MPH, MPA26. Positive Youth Development as an Anti-racist StrategyMerrian J. Brooks DO, MS; Daniela I. Brissett, MD; Kenneth R. Ginsburg, MD, MS Ed27. The Role of Pediatric Health Professionals in Promoting Equity and Child DevelopmentJoannie Yeh, MD28. Helping Minoritized Youths Resist RacismJanie Victoria Ward, EdD, MEdSection II. Organization/Systems29. Best Practices in Diversity ManagementJoy A. Lewis, MSW, MPH and Rhodora F. Osborn, JD, LLM30. Role of Quality and Safety in Furthering Health EquityJulia M. Kim, MD, MPH; Meghan Drayton Jackson, DO, MBOE, CPPS; and Rahul Shah, MD, MBA31. Achieving Equity for Opportunity YouthKristin Mmari, DrPH, MA and Vanya Jones, PhD, MPH32. Pediatric and Adolescent Research on Race and RacismTamera Coyne-Beasley, MD, MPH and Maria Veronica Svetaz, MD, MPHSection III. Public Health, Policy, and Advocacy33. Child Health Advocacy and Anti-racismJean L. Raphael, MD, MPH; Lee S. Beers, MD34. Public Health: Disparities and Inequities in Your CommunityJoshua Sharfstein, MD; Michelle Spencer, MS35. SummaryMaria Trent, MD, MPH; Danielle G. Dooley, MD, MPhil; Jacqueline DougÉ, MD, MPH