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    1. Medicin
    2. Medicin: icke kliniska discipliner
    3. Fysiologi

    Neurophysiological Basis of Motor Control

    AvMark L. Latash,Tarkeshwar Singh

    Häftad, Engelska, 2023

    1 291 kr

    Beställningsvara. Skickas inom 5-8 vardagar. Fri frakt över 249 kr.

    Beskrivning

    The study of motor control is evolving into a field of natural science comparable in its rigor and exactness to established fields such as classical physics. This advancement necessitates a resource that offers more precise terminology and rigorous logics. Neurophysiological Basis of Motor Control, Third Edition, rises to the challenge by building on its foundation with thoroughly updated information, expanded content, and an organizational overhaul. By emphasizing the neurophysiological mechanisms involved in the processes of generating voluntary movements, the text offers a distinct understanding of how the brain generates control signals and how the body executes them.Author Mark Latash, PhD-founding editor of the journal Motor Control and past president of the International Society of Motor Control (ISMC)-combines his expertise with the experience of new coauthor Tarkeshwar Singh, PhD, director of the Sensorimotor Neuroscience and Learning Laboratory at Penn State University. In the third edition of this book, previously titled Neurophysiological Basis of Movement, the authors present the following:New chapters on motor learning and sensorimotor integrationExpanded sections dedicated to the role of different sensory modalities in motor control, kinesthetic perception, and action–perception interactionsAn exploration of the basis of neuroanatomy, aging and development, motor disorders, and basic concepts such as coordination, reflexes, voluntary movement, sensation, and perceptionSupported with hundreds of illustrations and chapter introductions that provide smooth transitions from one topic to the next, the third edition also incorporates thought-provoking problems that encourage students to think critically and become aware of the types of motor control issues that have yet to be studied or solved. At the end of each section, additional problems are offered in short essay and multiple-choice formats as a means of self-testing. Other supplemental learning aids include chapter summaries as well as key terms and topics.Neurophysiological Basis of Motor Control, Third Edition, deepens students’ knowledge of the link between the brain and movement with basic facts about neural motor control, neuroanatomy, and movement disorders. The text will help usher in a new era in the study of motor control, promoting independent thinking and sharing thought-provoking ideas on current theories of motor control and coordination.

    Produktinformation

    • Utgivningsdatum:2023-01-30
    • Mått:216 x 279 x 31 mm
    • Vikt:1 293 g
    • Format:Häftad
    • Språk:Engelska
    • Antal sidor:464
    • Upplaga:3
    • Förlag:Human Kinetics Publishers
    • ISBN:9781718209527

    Utforska kategorier

    • Fysiologi inom Medicin
    • Anatomi inom Medicin
    • Biovetenskap inom Naturvetenskap och teknik

    Mer om författaren

    Mark L. Latash, PhD, is a distinguished professor of kinesiology and the director of the Motor Control Laboratory at Penn State University. His research interests are the control and coordination of human voluntary movements, movement disorders in neurological patients, and effects of rehabilitation.Latash has authored five books, edited 10 books, and had more than 400 peer-reviewed articles published. He was the founding editor of the journal Motor Control and is a former president of the International Society of Motor Control (ISMC). He is a fellow of the National Academy of Kinesiology (NAK) and member of the Society for Neuroscience (SfN). He has served as director of the annual Motor Control Summer School series and is a recipient of the ISMC’s Bernstein Prize in motor control and Penn State’s Pauline Schmitt Russell Distinguished Research Career Award.Tarkeshwar Singh, PhD, is an assistant professor of kinesiology at Penn State University, where he serves as the director of the Sensorimotor Neuroscience and Learning Laboratory. Singh’s research interests are in the areas of multisensory integration, motor control, eye movements, and movement disorders. He has published over 30 peer-reviewed papers and three book chapters. He is a member of the Society for Neuroscience (SfN), the International Society of Motor Control (ISMC), the Society for the Neural Control of Movement (NCM), and the American Physiological Society (APS).

    Innehållsförteckning

    • Chapter 1. History, Evolution, and Motor Control1.1 Brief History of Movement Studies1.2 Evolution of Movements and Nikolai Bernstein’s Theory1.3 Motor Control and Laws of NaturePart I. Excitable Cells and Their CommunicationChapter 2. Membranes, Particles, and Equilibrium Potentials2.1 The Biological Membrane2.2 Movement in a Solution2.3 Concentration of Water: Osmosis2.4 Movement of Ions: The Nernst EquationChapter 3. Action Potential3.1 Creation of a Membrane Potential3.2 Basic Features of the Action Potential3.3 Mechanisms of Generating an Action PotentialChapter 4. Information Conduction and Transmission4.1 Conduction of an Action Potential4.2 Myelinated Fibers4.3 The Structure of a Neuron4.4 Information Coding in the Nervous System4.5 Synaptic Transmission4.6 Neurotransmitters4.7 Temporal and Spatial SummationChapter 5. Skeletal Muscle5.1 Skeletal Muscle Structure5.2 Myofilaments5.3 Neuromuscular Synapse5.4 Mechanisms of Contraction5.5 Types of Muscle Contractions5.6 Elements of Mechanics5.7 Force–Length and Force–Velocity Relations5.8 External Regimes of Muscle ContractionChapter 6. Peripheral Receptors6.1 General Classification and Properties of Receptors6.2 Muscle Spindles6.3 The Gamma-System6.4 Golgi Tendon Organs6.5 Other Muscle Receptors6.6 Articular Receptors6.7 Cutaneous Receptors6.8 Signals From Peripheral ReceptorsChapter 7. Motor Units and Electromyography7.1 The Motor Unit7.2 Fast and Slow Motor Units7.3 The Henneman Principle7.4 Functional Roles of Different Motor Units7.5 Electromyography7.6 Processing Electromyographic SignalsProblems for Part IPart II. Neuroanatomical Foundations of Motor ControlChapter 8. Cerebral Cortex8.1 Structure of the Cerebral Cortex8.2 Cells in the Cerebral Cortex8.3 Premotor Cortex and Supplementary Motor Area8.4 Primary Motor Cortex8.5 Efferent Output From the Cortical Motor Areas8.6 Afferent Input Into the Cortical Motor Areas8.7 Hemispheric Lateralization in the Cortical Motor Areas8.8 Preparation for a Voluntary Movement8.9 Neuronal Population Vectors8.10 Encoding Movement Parameters in the M18.11 Brain–Machine InterfacesChapter 9. Basal Ganglia9.1 Anatomy of the Basal Ganglia9.2 Inputs and Outputs of the Basal Ganglia9.3 Direct and Indirect Pathways Within the Basal Ganglia9.4 Dopamine Modulation of Basal Ganglia Circuits9.5 Motor Circuits Involving the Basal Ganglia9.6 Activity of the Basal Ganglia During Movements9.7 Movement Disorders Associated With the Basal Ganglia9.8 Other Functions of the Basal GangliaChapter 10. Cerebellum10.1 Overall Structure of the Cerebellum10.2 Inputs and Outputs of the Cerebellum10.3 Pathways Within the Cerebellum10.4 Distinct Cerebellar Regions Control Discrete Motor Functions10.5 Cerebellar Control of Movement10.6 Consequences of Cerebellar Lesions on Movements10.7 Cerebellar Contribution to Motor Learning10.8 Cerebellar Interactions With the Basal Ganglia and CortexChapter 11. Brainstem and Extrapyramidal Tracts11.1 Brainstem Anatomy11.2 Reticular Formation11.3 Superior Colliculus11.4 Red Nucleus11.5 Vestibular Nuclei11.6 Cranial Nerves11.7 Descending TractsProblems for Part IIPart III. Sensory Basis of Motor ControlChapter 12. Central Processing of Somatosensory Information12.1 First-Order Neurons12.2 Second-Order Neurons12.3 Third-Order Neurons12.4 Proprioceptive System12.5 Primary and Secondary Somatosensory Cortex12.6 Integration of Somatosensory Input With Other Sensory Modalities12.7 Injuries to Somatosensory PathwaysChapter 13. Vestibular and Auditory System13.1 Transduction in the Vestibular System13.2 Vestibular Afferents Respond to Head Motion13.3 Central Projections From the Otolith Organs and Semicircular Canals13.4 Central Pathways That Stabilize Gaze, Posture, and Head Movements13.5 Peripheral Auditory System13.6 Central Auditory Projections From the Cochlea13.7 Auditory Integration13.8 Auditory Thalamus and Cortex13.9 Auditory Cortex and Limb Motor ControlChapter 14. Visual System14.1 Structure of the Eye14.2 Structure of the Retina14.3 Rods and Cones14.4 Optic Nerve, Tracts, and Radiations14.5 Striate Cortex14.6 Retinotopic Organization of V114.7 Extrastriate Cortex14.8 Neurons of the Two Visual Streams14.9 Visual Deficits Due to Area-Specific Visual System Damage14.10 Ocular MovementsProblems for Part IIIPart IV. Reflexes and Reflex-Like MovementsChapter 15. Reflexes15.1 Definition of a Reflex15.2 Reflex Arc, Gain, and Latency15.3 Reflex Classifications15.4 Conditioned ReflexesChapter 16. Excitation and Inhibition Within the Spinal Cord16.1 The Spinal Cord16.2 Excitation Within the Central Nervous System16.3 Postsynaptic Inhibition16.4 Recurrent Inhibition and Renshaw Cells16.5 Reciprocal Inhibition16.6 Presynaptic Inhibition16.7 Persistent Inward CurrentsChapter 17. Monosynaptic Reflexes17.1 H-Reflex and M-Response17.2 Tendon Tap Reflex (T-Reflex)17.3 Effects of Voluntary Muscle Activation on Monosynaptic Reflexes17.4 F-WaveChapter 18. Oligosynaptic and Polysynaptic Reflexes18.1 Oligosynaptic Reflexes18.2 Polysynaptic Reflexes18.3 Flexor Reflex18.4 Tonic Stretch Reflex18.5 Tonic Vibration Reflex18.6 Interaction Among Reflex Pathways18.7 Inter-Joint and Inter-Limb ReflexesChapter 19. Long-Loop Reflexes and Reflex-Like Reactions19.1 Preprogrammed Reactions19.2 Preprogrammed Reactions Versus Stretch Reflexes19.3 Afferent Sources of Preprogrammed Reactions19.4 Preprogrammed Reactions During Movement Perturbations19.5 Basic Features of Preprogrammed Reactions19.6 Preprogrammed Corrections of Vertical Posture19.7 Corrective Stumbling ReactionsProblems for Part IVPart V. Control and Coordination of Goal-Oriented MovementsChapter 20. Voluntary Control of a Single Muscle20.1 What Is Voluntary Movement?20.2 Feedforward and Feedback Control20.3 Servo Control20.4 Servo Hypothesis20.5 Α-Γ Coactivation20.6 Voluntary Activation of Muscles20.7 Equilibrium-Point HypothesisChapter 21. General Issues of Motor Control21.1 Force Control21.2 Engrams and the Generalized Motor Program21.3 Internal Models21.4 Equilibrium-Point Hypothesis: Main Ideas21.5 Equilibrium-Point Hypothesis: Subtle Details21.6 Dynamic Systems ApproachChapter 22. Motor Synergies22.1 The Problem of Motor Redundancy22.2 Optimization Approaches22.3 Bernstein’s Level of Synergies22.4 Uniting Muscles Into Groups22.5 Principle of Abundance22.6 Ensuring Stability of Movements22.7 Uncontrolled Manifold HypothesisChapter 23. Patterns of Single-Joint Movements23.1 Isotonic Movements and Isometric Contractions23.2 Task Parameters and Performance Variables23.3 Kinematic Patterns During Single-Joint Isotonic Movements23.4 EMG Patterns During Single-Joint Isotonic Movements23.5 EMG Patterns During Single-Joint Isometric Contractions23.6 Dual-Strategy Hypothesis23.7 Single-Joint Movements Within the Equilibrium-Point HypothesisChapter 24. Multijoint Movement24.1 Two Issues With Controlling Natural Reaching Movements24.2 Interjoint Reflexes24.3 Multijoint Coordination by the Spinal Cord24.4 Supraspinal Mechanisms24.5 Neural Control Variables for Multijoint Movements24.6 Equilibrium-Trajectory Hypothesis24.7 Hierarchical Control With Spatial Referent Coordinates24.8 Multijoint SynergiesChapter 25. Postural Control25.1 Vertical Posture25.2 Postural Sway25.3 Role of the Vestibular System25.4 Role of Vision25.5 Role of Proprioception25.6 Anticipatory Postural Adjustments25.7 Corrective Postural Reactions25.8 Postural SynergiesChapter 26. Locomotion26.1 Two Approaches to Locomotion26.2 Central Pattern Generator26.3 Locomotor Centers26.4 Spinal Locomotion26.5 Spinal Control of Locomotion in Humans26.6 Gait Patterns26.7 Dynamic Pattern Generation26.8 Step Initiation26.9 Corrective Stumbling ReactionChapter 27. Prehension27.1 Hand Joints and Muscles27.2 Cortical Representations of the Hand27.3 Indices of Finger Interaction27.4 Multifinger Synergies in Pressing Tasks27.5 Grasping27.6 Prehension Synergies and Principle of SuperpositionProblems for Part VPart VI. Sensorimotor Integration for Perception and ActionChapter 28. Kinesthetic Perception28.1 Sensation and Perception28.2 Weber-Fechner Law28.3 Ambiguity of Sensory Information28.4 Afferent and Efferent Components of Perception28.5 Vibration-Induced Kinesthetic Illusions28.6 Distorted Efferent Copy and Preconceptions28.7 Sense of Effort28.8 Stability of Percepts28.9 Perception–Action CouplingChapter 29. Multisensory Integration29.1 Spatial Multisensory Integration for Limb Motor Control29.2 Temporal Multisensory Integration for Limb Motor Control29.3 Coordinate Frames for Limb Motor Control29.4 Postural Balance and Motion Perception29.5 Neural Correlates of Multisensory IntegrationChapter 30. Visual Perception and Action30.1 Two Visual Streams30.2 Magnocellular and Parvocellular Ganglion Cells and Streams30.3 Motion Processing in the Cortex30.4 Color, Object, and Face Recognition in the Ventral Stream30.5 Roles of Dual Streams for Reach-to-Grasp Movements30.6 Neural Structures Involved in Oculomotor Control30.7 Frontoparietal Cortical Areas Involved in Eye–Hand Coordination30.8 Eye and Hand Coordination for Movements Starting From Rest30.9 Eye and Hand Coordination During Movement30.10 Eye and Hand Coordination While Intercepting Moving TargetsProblems for Part VIPart VII. Emerging, Evolving, and Adapting MovementsChapter 31. Fatigue31.1 Fatigue and Its Contributors31.2 Muscular Mechanisms of Fatigue31.3 Spinal Mechanisms of Fatigue31.4 Supraspinal Mechanisms of Fatigue31.5 Adaptive Changes During Fatigue31.6 Abnormal FatigueChapter 32. Effects of Aging32.1 General Features of Movements in Elderly Persons32.2 Changes in Muscles and Motor Units32.3 Muscle Reflexes in Elderly Persons32.4 Changes in Sensory Function32.5 Muscle Activation Patterns During Fast Movements32.6 Changes in Posture and Gait32.7 Hand Function in Elderly Persons32.8 Changes in Motor Synergies32.9 Adaptive Changes in Motor Patterns32.10 Effects of TrainingChapter 33. Typical and Atypical Development33.1 Humans at Birth33.2 Motor Milestones During Typical Development33.3 Exploration and Emergent Motor Patterns33.4 Development of Motor Synergies33.5 Down Syndrome33.6 Effects of Practice in People with Down Syndrome33.7 Autism33.8 Developmental Coordination DisorderChapter 34. Motor Learning34.1 Adaptation, Learning, and Memory34.2 Muscle Memory34.3 Habituation of Reflexes34.4 Conditioned Reflexes34.5 Operant Conditioning and Learning Spinal Reflexes34.6 Short-Term and Long-Term Memory34.7 Adaptation to Unusual Force Fields34.8 Motor Skills34.9 Learning Motor Synergies34.10 Stages in Motor Learning34.11 Effects of Practice on Cortical RepresentationsProblems for Part VIIPart VIII. Motor DisordersChapter 35. Peripheral Muscular and Neurological Disorders35.1 Myopathies and Neuropathies35.2 Muscular Dystrophies35.3 Continuous Muscle Fiber Activity Syndromes35.4 Myasthenia Gravis35.5 Mononeuropathies35.6 Multiple Mononeuropathies35.7 Polyneuropathies35.8 RadiculopathiesChapter 36. Spinal Cord Injury and Spasticity36.1 Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury36.2 Signs and Symptoms of Spasticity36.3 Possible Mechanisms of Spasticity36.4 Defining Muscle Tone36.5 Treatment of SpasticityChapter 37. Disorders Involving the Basal Ganglia37.1 Clinical Features of Parkinson's Disease37.2 Voluntary Movements in Parkinson's Disease37.3 Vertical Posture and Locomotion in Parkinson's Disease37.4 Motor Synergies in Parkinson's Disease37.5 Treatment of Parkinson’s Disease37.6 Huntington’s Chorea37.7 Hemiballismus37.8 Dystonia37.9 Tardive DyskinesiaChapter 38. Cerebellar Disorders38.1 Consequences of Cerebellar Injuries in Animals38.2 Consequences of Cerebellar Disorders in Humans38.3 Abnormalities of Stance and Gait38.4 Voluntary Movements in Cerebellar Disorders38.5 Cerebellar Tremor38.6 Ataxias38.7 Changes in Motor Synergies38.8 Cerebellar Cognitive Affective SyndromeChapter 39. Cortical Disorders39.1 Consequences of Lesions of Different Cortical Lobes39.2 Stroke39.3 Myoclonus39.4 Tics39.5 Tourette Syndrome39.6 Williams SyndromeChapter 40. Systemic Disorders40.1 Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis40.2 Multiple Sclerosis40.3 Multisystem Atrophy40.4 Essential Tremor40.5 Cerebral Palsy40.6 Wilson’s DiseaseChapter 41. Motor Rehabilitation41.1 Do “Normal Movements” Exist?41.2 Changes in CNS Priorities41.3 Neural Plasticity41.4 Adaptive Changes in Motor Patterns41.5 Consequences of Amputation41.6 Functional Electrical Stimulation41.7 Constraint-Induced and Discomfort-Induced Therapies41.8 Brain–Computer Interface41.9 Practical ConsiderationsProblems for Part VIII