Jelena Mihaljević Djigunović worked as a Professor of SLA and TEFL at the University of Zagreb, Croatia till she retired in October 2014. Her main research interests centre around teaching modern languages to young learners and affect in language learning. She has been involved in a number of large scale research projects, the latest one being Early Language Learning in Europe (ELLiE).Marta Medved Krajnović holds the position of Associate Professor in the Department of English at the University of Zagreb, Croatia. Currently Director of Stockholm International School, she is leading the school’s strategic development. Her main research interests centre around dynamism and complexity of multilingual development in both children and adults.

Grounded in the Croatian socioeducational context, this impressive volume has relevance beyond the borders of a single country. It draws on contemporary theories in finding support for a complex, dynamic process of primary English development. It also contributes important lessons concerning new learner characteristics, such as their digital literacy, which teachers and researchers alike would do well to heed. I have learned a great deal!

• Introduction1. Jelena Mihaljević Djigunović: Context and Structure of the Study2. Jelena Mihaljević Djigunović: Individual Differences among Young EFL Learners: Age- or Proficiency-related? A Look from the Affective Learner Factors Perspective3. Višnja Josipović Smojver: Croatian Primary School Pupils and English Pronunciation in the Light of the Emergence of English as a Lingua Franca4. Lovorka Zergollern-Miletić: Acquisition of the Markers of Definiteness and Indefiniteness in Early EFL5. Marta Medved Krajnović and Irena Kocijan Pevec: Present Tense Development in 11- to 13-Year-Old EFL Learners 6. Smiljana Narančić Kovač and Ivana Milković: Associating Temporal Meanings with Past and Present7. Renata Geld: What Vocabulary Networks Reveal about Young Learners' Language8. Renata Šamo: Receptive Skills in the Linguistic and Non-Linguistic Context of EFL Learning9. Stela Letica Krevelj and Marta Medved Krajnović: Early EFL Development from a Dynamic Systems PerspectiveAfterword

Jelena Mihaljević Djigunović worked as a Professor of SLA and TEFL at the University of Zagreb, Croatia till she retired in October 2014. Her main research interests centre around teaching modern languages to young learners and affect in language learning. She has been involved in a number of large scale research projects, the latest one being Early Language Learning in Europe (ELLiE).Marta Medved Krajnović holds the position of Associate Professor in the Department of English at the University of Zagreb, Croatia. Currently Director of Stockholm International School, she is leading the school’s strategic development. Her main research interests centre around dynamism and complexity of multilingual development in both children and adults.

Grounded in the Croatian socioeducational context, this impressive volume has relevance beyond the borders of a single country. It draws on contemporary theories in finding support for a complex, dynamic process of primary English development. It also contributes important lessons concerning new learner characteristics, such as their digital literacy, which teachers and researchers alike would do well to heed. I have learned a great deal!

• Introduction1. Jelena Mihaljević Djigunović: Context and Structure of the Study2. Jelena Mihaljević Djigunović: Individual Differences among Young EFL Learners: Age- or Proficiency-related? A Look from the Affective Learner Factors Perspective3. Višnja Josipović Smojver: Croatian Primary School Pupils and English Pronunciation in the Light of the Emergence of English as a Lingua Franca4. Lovorka Zergollern-Miletić: Acquisition of the Markers of Definiteness and Indefiniteness in Early EFL5. Marta Medved Krajnović and Irena Kocijan Pevec: Present Tense Development in 11- to 13-Year-Old EFL Learners 6. Smiljana Narančić Kovač and Ivana Milković: Associating Temporal Meanings with Past and Present7. Renata Geld: What Vocabulary Networks Reveal about Young Learners' Language8. Renata Šamo: Receptive Skills in the Linguistic and Non-Linguistic Context of EFL Learning9. Stela Letica Krevelj and Marta Medved Krajnović: Early EFL Development from a Dynamic Systems PerspectiveAfterword

Jelena Mihaljević Djigunović worked as a Professor of SLA and TEFL at the University of Zagreb, Croatia till she retired in October 2014. Her main research interests centre around teaching modern languages to young learners and affect in language learning. She has been involved in a number of large scale research projects, the latest one being Early Language Learning in Europe (ELLiE).Marta Medved Krajnović holds the position of Associate Professor in the Department of English at the University of Zagreb, Croatia. Currently Director of Stockholm International School, she is leading the school’s strategic development. Her main research interests centre around dynamism and complexity of multilingual development in both children and adults.

Grounded in the Croatian socioeducational context, this impressive volume has relevance beyond the borders of a single country. It draws on contemporary theories in finding support for a complex, dynamic process of primary English development. It also contributes important lessons concerning new learner characteristics, such as their digital literacy, which teachers and researchers alike would do well to heed. I have learned a great deal!

• Introduction1. Jelena Mihaljević Djigunović: Context and Structure of the Study2. Jelena Mihaljević Djigunović: Individual Differences among Young EFL Learners: Age- or Proficiency-related? A Look from the Affective Learner Factors Perspective3. Višnja Josipović Smojver: Croatian Primary School Pupils and English Pronunciation in the Light of the Emergence of English as a Lingua Franca4. Lovorka Zergollern-Miletić: Acquisition of the Markers of Definiteness and Indefiniteness in Early EFL5. Marta Medved Krajnović and Irena Kocijan Pevec: Present Tense Development in 11- to 13-Year-Old EFL Learners 6. Smiljana Narančić Kovač and Ivana Milković: Associating Temporal Meanings with Past and Present7. Renata Geld: What Vocabulary Networks Reveal about Young Learners' Language8. Renata Šamo: Receptive Skills in the Linguistic and Non-Linguistic Context of EFL Learning9. Stela Letica Krevelj and Marta Medved Krajnović: Early EFL Development from a Dynamic Systems PerspectiveAfterword