Keir Martin is Associate Professor in Social Anthropology at the University of Oslo and is the author of a number of academic and media publications on Papua New Guinea and the global economy. He was formerly a Lecturer in Social Anthropology at the University of Manchester and is a recipient of the Royal Anthropological Institute's Sutasoma Award for work likely to make an outstanding contribution to social anthropology.

“Keir Martin’s book is written in an extremely clear and unpretentious language and the reader is never left to wonder what the author is arguing. This does not mean that the arguments or ethnographic cases of the book are simple. On the contrary, Martin’s nuanced study of language and exchanges grounded in the solid ethnographic study of the social reality of the inhabitants of Matupit and Sikut shed light on very complex issues… Martin’s work is an exemplary case of how to study complex and long term political-economic trends as they unfold in concrete social settings often in less than obvious ways. It should be a model to anyone doing research on similar issues.” · Suomen Antropologi: Journal of the Finnish Anthropological Society“The author provides much food for thought on the long-term engagement of some Melanesians' such as the Tolai, with global processes which began with the nineteenth-century arrival of missionaries and colonial agents - long before the jargon of 'globalisation', 'development’ and modernity'. Eschewing dichotomies of continuity and rupture, Martin has effectively demonstrated the nuanced moral evaluations Toiai make of the competing value systems whose social consequences they continue to navigate.” · Paideuma“This is a fascinating anthropological study of a relatively small society in East New Britain, a province of Papua New Guinea. While the study is very focused, I would argue that Keir Martin's book is an important work that should be read by anyone interested in how societies transform themselves.” · Resolute Reader“…there is no doubt that Martin has produced an important ethnography that deserves to be read. His account of changing forms of tradition in Tolai makes original contributions to the literatures on kastom, kinship, land tenure, and the localisation of global forces in Melanesia. It deserves a wide audience.” · Anthropological Forum“Keir Martin has written a fascinating, plainspoken, new ethnography. The Death of the Big Men and the Rise of the Big Shots focuses on contradictions arising from emerging stratification in Papua New Guinea. Specifically, it concerns tensions between urban, middle-class elites and subsistence based villagers among the Tolai people living in and around Matupit Island in East New Britain… Of the overall significance of this compelling ethnography, one might recall that once there was talk of a new Melanesian ethnography (Josephides 1991) and then of a new Melanesian history (Foster 1995). Perhaps, Martin’s book might suggest the start of a new Melanesian sociology.” · American Anthropologist“This is a groundbreaking ethnography: brilliantly conceived, clearly written and utterly convincing.” · Pacific Affairs“…one of its great strengths is Martin’s skill in bringing different voices to life on the page as people (mainly men) stake or rebuff claims for respect or support.” · Oceania“Readers of this anthropological study will most likely be familiar with discussions in the anthropology of Melanesia around individualism and other effects of the encroachment of global capitalism on rural communities. They will be pleasantly surprised by how elegantly and unpretentiously Martin tackles some of these issues, through an investigation of land and custom during the aftermath of an environmental disaster in East New Britain, Papua New Guinea…a wonderful study.” · Asia Pacific Journal of Anthropology“A brilliant book…one of the best ethnographies to come out of PNG for decades, a classic exemplar of how a modern ethnography should be researched and written up. It breaks new ground.” · Chris Gregory, Australian National University“[This book] is well written and readable [and] provides both a dense and nuanced ethnography that reveals important insights into… the radical cultural changes that follow from demographic change, land-conflicts and economic scarcity. The book manages to explore that development by continually engaging the writings of earlier anthropologists in the area, supported by rich empirical detail.” · Knut Rio, University of Bergen

• List of illustrationsList of tablesAcknowledgementsNote on LanguageGeneral maps (Maps 1 and 2)Introduction: Land Politics and Postcolonial Sociality in the Wake of Environmental DisasterChapter 1. An Orientation to the Shifting Patterns of Tolai Land TenureChapter 2. Land at Sikut: Freedom from Kastomand Economic DevelopmentChapter 3. Kulia: an Ambiguous TransactionChapter 4. What Makes a Landholder: a Case Study of a Matupit Land DisputeChapter 5. Kastom, Family and Clan: Extending and Limiting ObligationsChapter 6. Kastom and Contested ReciprocityChapter 7. Big Shots, Corned Beef and Big HeadsChapter 8. A Fish Trap for KastomChapter 9. Big Men, Big Shots and Bourgeois Individuals: conflicts over moral obligation and the limits of reciprocityChapter 10. Your Own Buai You Must Buy: the Big Shot as Contemporary Melanesian Possessive IndividualChapter 11. ConclusionsGlossaryReferencesIndex

Keir Martin is Associate Professor in Social Anthropology at the University of Oslo and is the author of a number of academic and media publications on Papua New Guinea and the global economy. He was formerly a Lecturer in Social Anthropology at the University of Manchester and is a recipient of the Royal Anthropological Institute's Sutasoma Award for work likely to make an outstanding contribution to social anthropology.

“Keir Martin’s book is written in an extremely clear and unpretentious language and the reader is never left to wonder what the author is arguing. This does not mean that the arguments or ethnographic cases of the book are simple. On the contrary, Martin’s nuanced study of language and exchanges grounded in the solid ethnographic study of the social reality of the inhabitants of Matupit and Sikut shed light on very complex issues… Martin’s work is an exemplary case of how to study complex and long term political-economic trends as they unfold in concrete social settings often in less than obvious ways. It should be a model to anyone doing research on similar issues.” · Suomen Antropologi: Journal of the Finnish Anthropological Society“The author provides much food for thought on the long-term engagement of some Melanesians' such as the Tolai, with global processes which began with the nineteenth-century arrival of missionaries and colonial agents - long before the jargon of 'globalisation', 'development’ and modernity'. Eschewing dichotomies of continuity and rupture, Martin has effectively demonstrated the nuanced moral evaluations Toiai make of the competing value systems whose social consequences they continue to navigate.” · Paideuma“This is a fascinating anthropological study of a relatively small society in East New Britain, a province of Papua New Guinea. While the study is very focused, I would argue that Keir Martin's book is an important work that should be read by anyone interested in how societies transform themselves.” · Resolute Reader“…there is no doubt that Martin has produced an important ethnography that deserves to be read. His account of changing forms of tradition in Tolai makes original contributions to the literatures on kastom, kinship, land tenure, and the localisation of global forces in Melanesia. It deserves a wide audience.” · Anthropological Forum“Keir Martin has written a fascinating, plainspoken, new ethnography. The Death of the Big Men and the Rise of the Big Shots focuses on contradictions arising from emerging stratification in Papua New Guinea. Specifically, it concerns tensions between urban, middle-class elites and subsistence based villagers among the Tolai people living in and around Matupit Island in East New Britain… Of the overall significance of this compelling ethnography, one might recall that once there was talk of a new Melanesian ethnography (Josephides 1991) and then of a new Melanesian history (Foster 1995). Perhaps, Martin’s book might suggest the start of a new Melanesian sociology.” · American Anthropologist“This is a groundbreaking ethnography: brilliantly conceived, clearly written and utterly convincing.” · Pacific Affairs“…one of its great strengths is Martin’s skill in bringing different voices to life on the page as people (mainly men) stake or rebuff claims for respect or support.” · Oceania“Readers of this anthropological study will most likely be familiar with discussions in the anthropology of Melanesia around individualism and other effects of the encroachment of global capitalism on rural communities. They will be pleasantly surprised by how elegantly and unpretentiously Martin tackles some of these issues, through an investigation of land and custom during the aftermath of an environmental disaster in East New Britain, Papua New Guinea…a wonderful study.” · Asia Pacific Journal of Anthropology“A brilliant book…one of the best ethnographies to come out of PNG for decades, a classic exemplar of how a modern ethnography should be researched and written up. It breaks new ground.” · Chris Gregory, Australian National University“[This book] is well written and readable [and] provides both a dense and nuanced ethnography that reveals important insights into… the radical cultural changes that follow from demographic change, land-conflicts and economic scarcity. The book manages to explore that development by continually engaging the writings of earlier anthropologists in the area, supported by rich empirical detail.” · Knut Rio, University of Bergen

• List of illustrationsList of tablesAcknowledgementsNote on LanguageGeneral maps (Maps 1 and 2)Introduction: Land Politics and Postcolonial Sociality in the Wake of Environmental DisasterChapter 1. An Orientation to the Shifting Patterns of Tolai Land TenureChapter 2. Land at Sikut: Freedom from Kastomand Economic DevelopmentChapter 3. Kulia: an Ambiguous TransactionChapter 4. What Makes a Landholder: a Case Study of a Matupit Land DisputeChapter 5. Kastom, Family and Clan: Extending and Limiting ObligationsChapter 6. Kastom and Contested ReciprocityChapter 7. Big Shots, Corned Beef and Big HeadsChapter 8. A Fish Trap for KastomChapter 9. Big Men, Big Shots and Bourgeois Individuals: conflicts over moral obligation and the limits of reciprocityChapter 10. Your Own Buai You Must Buy: the Big Shot as Contemporary Melanesian Possessive IndividualChapter 11. ConclusionsGlossaryReferencesIndex

Keir Martin is Associate Professor in Social Anthropology at the University of Oslo and is the author of a number of academic and media publications on Papua New Guinea and the global economy. He was formerly a Lecturer in Social Anthropology at the University of Manchester and is a recipient of the Royal Anthropological Institute's Sutasoma Award for work likely to make an outstanding contribution to social anthropology.

“Keir Martin’s book is written in an extremely clear and unpretentious language and the reader is never left to wonder what the author is arguing. This does not mean that the arguments or ethnographic cases of the book are simple. On the contrary, Martin’s nuanced study of language and exchanges grounded in the solid ethnographic study of the social reality of the inhabitants of Matupit and Sikut shed light on very complex issues… Martin’s work is an exemplary case of how to study complex and long term political-economic trends as they unfold in concrete social settings often in less than obvious ways. It should be a model to anyone doing research on similar issues.” · Suomen Antropologi: Journal of the Finnish Anthropological Society“The author provides much food for thought on the long-term engagement of some Melanesians' such as the Tolai, with global processes which began with the nineteenth-century arrival of missionaries and colonial agents - long before the jargon of 'globalisation', 'development’ and modernity'. Eschewing dichotomies of continuity and rupture, Martin has effectively demonstrated the nuanced moral evaluations Toiai make of the competing value systems whose social consequences they continue to navigate.” · Paideuma“This is a fascinating anthropological study of a relatively small society in East New Britain, a province of Papua New Guinea. While the study is very focused, I would argue that Keir Martin's book is an important work that should be read by anyone interested in how societies transform themselves.” · Resolute Reader“…there is no doubt that Martin has produced an important ethnography that deserves to be read. His account of changing forms of tradition in Tolai makes original contributions to the literatures on kastom, kinship, land tenure, and the localisation of global forces in Melanesia. It deserves a wide audience.” · Anthropological Forum“Keir Martin has written a fascinating, plainspoken, new ethnography. The Death of the Big Men and the Rise of the Big Shots focuses on contradictions arising from emerging stratification in Papua New Guinea. Specifically, it concerns tensions between urban, middle-class elites and subsistence based villagers among the Tolai people living in and around Matupit Island in East New Britain… Of the overall significance of this compelling ethnography, one might recall that once there was talk of a new Melanesian ethnography (Josephides 1991) and then of a new Melanesian history (Foster 1995). Perhaps, Martin’s book might suggest the start of a new Melanesian sociology.” · American Anthropologist“This is a groundbreaking ethnography: brilliantly conceived, clearly written and utterly convincing.” · Pacific Affairs“…one of its great strengths is Martin’s skill in bringing different voices to life on the page as people (mainly men) stake or rebuff claims for respect or support.” · Oceania“Readers of this anthropological study will most likely be familiar with discussions in the anthropology of Melanesia around individualism and other effects of the encroachment of global capitalism on rural communities. They will be pleasantly surprised by how elegantly and unpretentiously Martin tackles some of these issues, through an investigation of land and custom during the aftermath of an environmental disaster in East New Britain, Papua New Guinea…a wonderful study.” · Asia Pacific Journal of Anthropology“A brilliant book…one of the best ethnographies to come out of PNG for decades, a classic exemplar of how a modern ethnography should be researched and written up. It breaks new ground.” · Chris Gregory, Australian National University“[This book] is well written and readable [and] provides both a dense and nuanced ethnography that reveals important insights into… the radical cultural changes that follow from demographic change, land-conflicts and economic scarcity. The book manages to explore that development by continually engaging the writings of earlier anthropologists in the area, supported by rich empirical detail.” · Knut Rio, University of Bergen

• List of illustrationsList of tablesAcknowledgementsNote on LanguageGeneral maps (Maps 1 and 2)Introduction: Land Politics and Postcolonial Sociality in the Wake of Environmental DisasterChapter 1. An Orientation to the Shifting Patterns of Tolai Land TenureChapter 2. Land at Sikut: Freedom from Kastomand Economic DevelopmentChapter 3. Kulia: an Ambiguous TransactionChapter 4. What Makes a Landholder: a Case Study of a Matupit Land DisputeChapter 5. Kastom, Family and Clan: Extending and Limiting ObligationsChapter 6. Kastom and Contested ReciprocityChapter 7. Big Shots, Corned Beef and Big HeadsChapter 8. A Fish Trap for KastomChapter 9. Big Men, Big Shots and Bourgeois Individuals: conflicts over moral obligation and the limits of reciprocityChapter 10. Your Own Buai You Must Buy: the Big Shot as Contemporary Melanesian Possessive IndividualChapter 11. ConclusionsGlossaryReferencesIndex