International Polar Law

Edited by Donald R. Rothwell, Professor of International Law, ANU College of Law, The Australian National University and Alan D. Hemmings, Independent Polar Specialist and an Adjunct Associate Professor, Gateway Antarctica Centre for Antarctic Studies and Research, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand

‘The Polar regions have, in recent years, attracted a greater significance among both political and academic communities across the globe. While extensive research inputs from the natural science disciplines are readily available, knowledge from the legal disciplines has so far been found only relatively sporadically. International Polar Law offers a collection of essays and articles in one accessible place, sourced from highly-regarded international journals at various times, from the beginning of the twentieth century to today. As such, the volume is an invaluable resource, useful for both lawyers and members of the scholarly community interested in Polar legal issues.’

• Contents:Introduction The Context of International Polar LawDonald R. Rothwell and Alan D. HemmingsPART I HISTORY1. Thomas Willing Balch (1910), ‘The Arctic and Antarctic Regions and the Law of Nations’, American Journal of International Law, 4 (2), April, 265–75 2. A.R. Clute (1927), ‘The Ownership of the North Pole’, Canadian Bar Review, V (1), January, 19–26 3. John Hanessian (1960), ‘The Antarctic Treaty 1959’, International and Comparative Law Quarterly, 9 (3), July, 436–80 4. Charles Cheney Hyde (1933–34), ‘Acquisition of Sovereignty over Polar Areas’, Iowa Law Review, 19, 286–945. Philip C. Jessup (1947), ‘Sovereignty in Antarctica’, American Journal of International Law, 41 (1), January, 117–19 6. W. Lakhtine (1930), ‘Rights over the Arctic’, American Journal of International Law, 24 (4), October, 703–17 7. Ivor L.M. Richardson (1957), ‘New Zealand’s Claims in the Antarctic’, New Zealand Law Journal, 33, February, 38–42 8. James Brown Scott (1909), ‘Arctic Exploration and International Law’, American Journal of International Law, 3 (4), October, 928–41 PART II ANTARCTICA9. David M. Edwards and John A. Heap (1981), ‘Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources: A Commentary’, Polar Record, 20 (127), 353–62 10. Francesco Francioni (1993), ‘The Madrid Protocol on the Protection of the Antarctic Environment’, Texas International Law Journal, 28 (193), 47–72 11. Moritaka Hayashi (1986), ‘The Antarctica Question in the United Nations’, Cornell International Law Journal, 19 (2), Summer, 275–90 12. Bernard H. Oxman (1986), ‘Antarctica and the New Law of the Sea’, Cornell International Law Journal, 19 (2), Summer, 211–47 13. Bruno Simma (1986), ‘The Antarctic Treaty as a Treaty Providing for an “Objective Regime”’, Cornell International Law Journal, 19 (2), Summer, 189–209 14. A.D. Watts (1990), ‘The Convention on the Regulation of Antarctic Mineral Resource Activities 1988’, International and Comparative Law Quarterly, 39 (1), January, 169–82 15. Emil A. Zuccaro (1979), ‘Iceberg Appropriation and the Antarctic’s Gordian Knot’, California Western International Law Journal, 9, 405–29 16. Karen N. Scott (2010), ‘Managing Sovereignty and Jurisdictional Disputes in the Antarctic: The Next Fifty Years’, Yearbook of International Environmental Law, 20 (1), January, 3–4017. Kees Bastmeijer and Ricardo Roura (2004), ‘Regulating Antarctic Tourism and the Precautionary Principle’, American Journal of International Law, 98 (4), October, 763–81 18. Christopher C. Joyner (2008), ‘Challenges to the Antarctic Treaty: Looking Back to See Ahead’, New Zealand Yearbook of International Law, 6, 25–62 19. Ben Saul and Tim Stephens (2015), ‘Responsive Antarctic Law- Making in the Asian Century’, Yearbook of Polar Law, VII, 55–82 20. Peter J. Beck (2017), ‘Antarctica and the United Nations’, in Klaus Dodds, Alan D. Hemmings and Peder Roberts (eds), Handbook on the Politics of Antarctica, Chapter 17, Cheltenham, UK and Northampton, MA, USA: Edward Elgar Publishing, 255–6821. Rüdiger Wolfrum (2017), ‘Common Interest and Common Heritage in Antarctica’, in Klaus Dodds, Alan D. Hemmings and Peder Roberts (eds), Handbook on the Politics of Antarctica, Chapter 9, Cheltenham, UK and Northampton, MA, USA: Edward Elgar Publishing, 142–51 PART III ARCTIC22. J.A. Beesley (1971), ‘Rights and Responsibilities of Arctic Coastal States: The Canadian View’, Journal of Maritime Law and Commerce, 3 (1), October, 1–1223. David D. Caron (1993), ‘Toward an Arctic Environmental Regime’, Ocean Development and International Law, 24 (4), 377–9224. Ivan L. Head (1963), ‘Canadian Claims to Territorial Sovereignty in the Arctic Regions’, McGill Law Journal, 9 (3), 200–226 25. J. Bruce McKinnon (1987), ‘Arctic Baselines: A Litore Usque Ad Litus’, Canadian Bar Review, 66 (1), March, 790–817 26. Donat Pharand (1992), ‘The Case for an Arctic Region Council and a Treaty Proposal’, Revue Générale de Droit, 23, 163–95 49627. Timo Koivurova and Leena Heinämäki (2006), ‘The Participation of Indigenous Peoples in International Norm-Making in the Arctic’, Polar Record, 42 (221), 101–9 28. James Kraska (2009), ‘International Security and International Law in the Northwest Passage’, 42 (4), October, Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law, 1109–32 29. E.J. Molenaar (2012), ‘Current and Prospective Roles of the Arctic Council System Within the Context of the Law of the Sea’, International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law, 27 (3), 553–9530. Edward T. Canuel (2015), ‘The Four Arctic Law Pillars: A Legal Framework’, Georgetown Journal of International Law, 46 (3), 735–6431. David L. VanderZwaag (2014), ‘The Arctic Council and the Future of Arctic Ocean Governance: Edging Forward in a Sea of Governance Challenges’, in Tim Stephens and David L. VanderZwaag (eds), Polar Oceans Governance in an Era of Environmental Change, Chapter 16, Cheltenham, UK and Northampton, MA, USA: Edward Elgar Publishing, 308–38 32. Nigel Bankes and Elizabeth Whitsitt (2015), ‘Arctic Marine Mammals in International Environmental Law and Trade Law’, in Leif Christian Jensen and Geir Hønneland (eds), Handbook of the Politics of the Arctic, Chapter 9, Cheltenham, UK and Northampton, MA, USA: Edward Elgar Publishing, 185–206 33. Ted L. McDorman and Clive Schofield (2015), ‘Maritime Limits and Boundaries in the Arctic Oceans: Agreements and Disputes’, in Leif Christian Jensen and Geir Hønneland (eds), Handbook of the Politics of the Arctic, Chapter 10, Cheltenham, UK and Northampton, MA, USA: Edward Elgar Publishing, 207–26 PART IV BIPOLAR LEGAL ISSUES34. Robert D. Hayton (1958), ‘Polar Problems and International Law’, American Journal of International Law, 52 (4), October, 746–65 35. Christopher C. Joyner (1991), ‘Ice-Covered Regions in International Law’, Natural Resources Journal, 31, Winter, 213–42 36. Oscar Svarlien (1960), ‘The Sector Principle in Law and Practice’, Polar Record, 10, 248–63 37. Stuart B. Kaye (2004), ‘Territorial Sea Baselines Along Ice-Covered Coasts: International Practice and Limits of the Law of the Sea’, Ocean Development and International Law, 35, 75–102 38. Duncan French and Karen Scott (2009), ‘International Legal Implications of Climate Change for the Polar Regions: Too Much, Too Little, Too Late?’, Melbourne Journal of International Law, 10 (2), 631–54 39. Aldo Chircop (2016), ‘Jurisdiction over Ice-Covered Areas and the Polar Code: An Emerging Symbiotic Relationship?’, Journal of International Maritime Law, 22, 275–90 Index