Digital Therapy

Laure Beyala is a specialist in disruptive innovation in the field of digital healthcare. She is the founder of the E-Santé Expertise platform, which aims to make advances in the use of digital healthcare platforms.

• Introduction ixPart 1 Medical Innovation 1Chapter 1 A Conceptual Framework for Health Innovations 31.1 Introduction 31.2 Defining innovation 31.2.1 Different levels of innovation 41.2.2 Endogenous factors of disruptive innovation in digital health 71.2.3 Exogenous factors of disruptive innovation in digital health 9Chapter 2 The Covid-19 Pandemic, an Exogenous Factor of Innovation 152.1 Origin 152.2 How the pandemic began 152.2.1 January 24, 2020: first cases of infection with the new virus in Europe reported by the WHO 162.2.2 January 28, 2020: implementation of the first measure of the European Union’s health crisis management plan 162.2.3 March 8, 2020: quarantine of the northern part of Italy 172.2.4 March 10–12, 2020: financial support measures announced by the European Union 172.2.5 March 11, 2020: the WHO reclassifies the “epidemic” as a “pandemic” 182.3 Covid-19: digital therapy as a response to the fight against the pandemic 182.3.1 Advanced imaging techniques for diagnosis 192.3.2 Telemedicine 202.3.3 Smart epidemiological maps 202.3.4 Detecting the virus using intelligent tests 202.3.5 Treatment of the disease using simulation analysis and decision support techniques 212.4 Conclusion 21Chapter 3 Digital Therapy: For Which Health Needs? 233.1 Introduction 233.2 Background on digital health needs 233.3 Expressing health needs within populations 243.4 Examining the proposed digital technologies 273.4.1 AI-assisted remote patient monitoring 273.4.2 AI-assisted telemedicine 273.4.3 AI techniques 283.4.4 Robotics technology in health 283.4.5 Supply chain with drones 293.5 Mapping the population’s digital health needs 313.6 Conclusion 39Chapter 4 AI Techniques Involved in the Design of Innovative Solutions 414.1 Applied health techniques 424.1.1 Automatic learning 424.1.2 Natural language processing 434.1.3 Signal processing and computer vision 434.1.4 Artificial neural networks 444.2 Examples of AI techniques in health 474.2.1 Multi-agent systems for designing solutions for gene recognition through medical imaging 474.2.2 Multi-agent systems or distributed AI to enable the design of solutions for predictive medicine 474.2.3 Autonomous robotics and signal processing for decision support solutions: diagnosis and therapy 484.2.4 ML and augmented reality for diagnosis assistance based on holomedicine concepts 494.2.5 Natural language processing and ML for remote monitoring of physiological parameters 494.2.6 Robotics and human language for supply management 494.3 Ecosystem of actors involved in the design of innovative solutions 494.4 Some challenges of AI 524.4.1 Artificial form of surveillance capitalism 524.4.2 Cyberattacks 524.4.3 Cost of assessing AI-assisted technologies in health 53Chapter 5 Comparative Analysis of the Diffusion of Innovative Solutions between 2020 and 2030 555.1 Origin of the data for the analysis 555.2 Data analysis 565.2.1 View by country 565.2.2 General view 595.3 Presentation of AI health initiatives 595.3.1 Creation of platforms integrating AI 595.3.2 Diagnostic assistance solutions using AI techniques 615.3.3 Creating intelligent solutions for medical research 655.4 Overview of health AI legislation 675.4.1 European approach to AI regulation 675.4.2 Regulating and supporting AI in healthcare 675.4.3 Scaling up AI regulatory policy in line with medical practice 685.4.4 Reception of the regulatory proposals 685.5 Conclusion 69Part 2 Digital Therapy and its Transformative Approach 71Chapter 6 Strategies for the Sustainable Adoption of Digital Health Innovation 736.1 Introduction: adopting digital health technology 736.2 State of the art of digital health advice 746.2.1 Digital technologies for more efficient quality of care 746.2.2 Hospital at home 746.2.3 Evidence of sound and reliable comprehensive scientific data from the use of digital health technology 756.2.4 Societal beliefs 756.3 Theory of adoption of health technology solutions 776.4 General factors in the adoption of DHTs 786.5 Ecosystem of actors promoting the adoption of technology initiatives 796.5.1 Ecosystem of actors for the adoption of a health innovation 796.5.2 Adoption of digital technology by patients and the general public 806.6 Conclusion 82Chapter 7 Indicators of Change in Healthcare Systems 837.1 Introduction 837.2 New governance that calls for the consolidation of a hospital business model 837.2.1 Case study: Canada 857.3 Internationalization of digital health activities 867.3.1 Case study: France 867.4 Conclusion 87Chapter 8 A Radical Change in the Care System 898.1 Introduction 898.2 New organization of the health system 908.2.1 Creation of a single European cloud for medical care and research 908.2.2 Creation of a “one-stop shop” per continent for the development of research and development programs 928.2.3 Changing rules in the calls for projects 938.2.4 A new strategy for the production of scientific content 938.2.5 A new strategy to accelerate digital health innovations 948.3 Conclusion 95Appendix: Mapping Digital Innovations in Health 97Glossary 181References 183Index 189