Jean-Claude André is an ENSIC engineer and CNRS director, and has been involved in the research into light-matter interactions, which has led him to 3D and 4D printing. These examples have been matched by industrial transfers through support for startups.

• Foreword: Additive Manufacturing: From 3D Printing to Bio-printing viiPreface xiIntroduction xxxvChapter 1 Invention: Creativity to Proof of Concept 11.1 Introduction: concepts and the innovation “valleys of death” 11.1.1 A look back at creativity 81.1.2 Creativity, disruption and crisis 101.1.3 Methods for developing creativity 231.1.4 Estimating creativity 251.2 Proof of concept 271.2.1 Integrating an idea into a (hopefully) rational framework 281.2.2 A transition to POC 331.2.3 Basis for building a POC 391.3 Interdisciplinarity and heuristic approach 471.3.1 Theoretical considerations 491.3.2 Heuristics and interdisciplinarity 531.3.3 Some constraints to overcome 561.3.4 In practice 591.4 Conclusion 631.5 References 65Chapter 2 From Invention to Innovation 852.1 Preamble 852.2 Introduction 912.3 Methodologies to be put in place 982.4 Innovation policies 1032.4.1 An ambiguous situation 1062.4.2 Technological paradigms 1102.4.3 Innovation ecosystems 1132.4.4 Innovation accelerators 1162.5 Innovation models 1172.5.1 Open innovation 1202.5.2 Knowledge management 1222.5.3 Research versus industry 1252.5.4 Design-thinking 1272.5.5 Fab-Labs 1312.6 Inventing/innovating 1342.6.1 General framework 1352.6.2 Innovation and responsiveness 1422.6.3 Innovation programming 1492.6.4 Innovation positioning 1512.7 Standards, standardization, various filters 1522.7.1 Norms and standards 1532.8 The question of industrial disruption 1552.8.1 Disruption conditions 1572.8.2 Local changes, systemic changes 1582.8.3 Convinced? 1612.9 References 164Conclusion of Volume 1 185Index 187

Jean-Claude André is an ENSIC engineer and CNRS director, and has been involved in the research into light-matter interactions, which has led him to 3D and 4D printing. These examples have been matched by industrial transfers through support for startups.

• Foreword: Additive Manufacturing: From 3D Printing to Bio-printing viiPreface xiIntroduction xxxvChapter 1 Invention: Creativity to Proof of Concept 11.1 Introduction: concepts and the innovation “valleys of death” 11.1.1 A look back at creativity 81.1.2 Creativity, disruption and crisis 101.1.3 Methods for developing creativity 231.1.4 Estimating creativity 251.2 Proof of concept 271.2.1 Integrating an idea into a (hopefully) rational framework 281.2.2 A transition to POC 331.2.3 Basis for building a POC 391.3 Interdisciplinarity and heuristic approach 471.3.1 Theoretical considerations 491.3.2 Heuristics and interdisciplinarity 531.3.3 Some constraints to overcome 561.3.4 In practice 591.4 Conclusion 631.5 References 65Chapter 2 From Invention to Innovation 852.1 Preamble 852.2 Introduction 912.3 Methodologies to be put in place 982.4 Innovation policies 1032.4.1 An ambiguous situation 1062.4.2 Technological paradigms 1102.4.3 Innovation ecosystems 1132.4.4 Innovation accelerators 1162.5 Innovation models 1172.5.1 Open innovation 1202.5.2 Knowledge management 1222.5.3 Research versus industry 1252.5.4 Design-thinking 1272.5.5 Fab-Labs 1312.6 Inventing/innovating 1342.6.1 General framework 1352.6.2 Innovation and responsiveness 1422.6.3 Innovation programming 1492.6.4 Innovation positioning 1512.7 Standards, standardization, various filters 1522.7.1 Norms and standards 1532.8 The question of industrial disruption 1552.8.1 Disruption conditions 1572.8.2 Local changes, systemic changes 1582.8.3 Convinced? 1612.9 References 164Conclusion of Volume 1 185Index 187

Jean-Claude André is an ENSIC engineer and CNRS director, and has been involved in the research into light-matter interactions, which has led him to 3D and 4D printing. These examples have been matched by industrial transfers through support for startups.

• Foreword: Additive Manufacturing: From 3D Printing to Bio-printing viiPreface xiIntroduction xxxvChapter 1 Invention: Creativity to Proof of Concept 11.1 Introduction: concepts and the innovation “valleys of death” 11.1.1 A look back at creativity 81.1.2 Creativity, disruption and crisis 101.1.3 Methods for developing creativity 231.1.4 Estimating creativity 251.2 Proof of concept 271.2.1 Integrating an idea into a (hopefully) rational framework 281.2.2 A transition to POC 331.2.3 Basis for building a POC 391.3 Interdisciplinarity and heuristic approach 471.3.1 Theoretical considerations 491.3.2 Heuristics and interdisciplinarity 531.3.3 Some constraints to overcome 561.3.4 In practice 591.4 Conclusion 631.5 References 65Chapter 2 From Invention to Innovation 852.1 Preamble 852.2 Introduction 912.3 Methodologies to be put in place 982.4 Innovation policies 1032.4.1 An ambiguous situation 1062.4.2 Technological paradigms 1102.4.3 Innovation ecosystems 1132.4.4 Innovation accelerators 1162.5 Innovation models 1172.5.1 Open innovation 1202.5.2 Knowledge management 1222.5.3 Research versus industry 1252.5.4 Design-thinking 1272.5.5 Fab-Labs 1312.6 Inventing/innovating 1342.6.1 General framework 1352.6.2 Innovation and responsiveness 1422.6.3 Innovation programming 1492.6.4 Innovation positioning 1512.7 Standards, standardization, various filters 1522.7.1 Norms and standards 1532.8 The question of industrial disruption 1552.8.1 Disruption conditions 1572.8.2 Local changes, systemic changes 1582.8.3 Convinced? 1612.9 References 164Conclusion of Volume 1 185Index 187