Lucía Morales is an academic and active researcher at Technological University Dublin, Ireland. She has written many articles in the areas of economic development, economic and financial crises, international capital flows, emerging economies and economic growth, with a specific focus on Asian countries.Sam Dzever is Professor of Management at Institut Mines-Telecom Business School, LITEM, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France. His research in the fields of marketing, supply chain management, industrial organization and Asia-Pacific business has appeared in noted international academic journals.Robert Taylor was formerly Director of the Centre for Chinese Studies and Reader in Modern Chinese Studies at the University of Sheffield, UK. His research interests focus on China's domestic and foreign policy, especially Chinese business management.

• Introduction: Connectivity in Euro-Asian Business xiRobert TAYLORI.1 The Chinese conception of a new world order xiI.2 China as a global economic player in Europe xiiI.3 Sino-American rivalry in Asia xiiiI.4 China’s trade and investment in Asia xivI.5 China’s digitalization strategy in Asia xvI.6 Summary and conclusion xviI.7 References xixChapter 1 Japan’s Plans for Society 5.0 – A Global Concept, an Isolated Solution or Utopia? 1Jana-Larissa GRZESZKOWIAK1.1 Introduction 11.2 Achievements in the implementation process 31.3 Society 5.0 – a science, technology and innovation policy 91.4 Conclusion 111.5 References 12Chapter 2 European Union–Japan Relations: A Business System Overview of Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) 17Louis-Caleb REMANDA2.1 Introduction 172.2 Literature review 182.2.1 The relationship between Japan and the European Union in context 192.2.2 Understanding the business systems overview 212.2.3 Regionalization and Europeanization 232.3 Research propositions and methodology 252.4 Case of Japan – European Union Economic Partnership Agreement 272.4.1 The targets of the Free Trade Agreement 272.4.2 The organizations in charge of the implementation 282.4.3 Initiatives taken for the success of the EPA 292.4.4. JETRO and the EU-Japan Centre as bridges between authorities 302.5 Conclusion 322.6 References 32Chapter 3 The Evolving Foreign Direct Investment Landscape: Evidence from Europe and Asia 35Clare O’MAHONY and Thi Ngoc DAO3.1 Introduction 363.2 Measuring FDI 373.3 Country selection 383.4 Data availability and comprehensiveness 423.5 Effects of reverse investment 443.6 Effects of pass-through investment and corporate inversion 463.7 Concluding remarks 493.8 References 50Chapter 4 Investigating the Influencing Factors Revealing a Trade Potential for EU–China Agricultural Products: A Trade Gravity Model Approach 53Junshi LI and Bernadette ANDREOSSO-O’CALLAGHAN4.1 Introduction 534.2 Literature review 554.3 Methodology 584.4 Empirical results 654.4.1 The effects of GDP on EU–China agricultural trade 654.4.2 The effects of geographical distance on EU–China agricultural trade 674.4.3 The effect of GDP per capita on EU–China agricultural trade 694.4.4 The effect of institutional distance on EU–China agricultural trade 704.4.5 The effects of two dummy variables on the agricultural trade between the EU and China: WTO membership and landlocked 734.4.6. The EU’s trade potential vis-à-vis China in agricultural products 754.5 Conclusion 784.6 Appendix: Agricultural products defined by Standard International Trade Classification (SITC) 794.7 References 80Chapter 5 Understanding the US Restrictions on Huawei and their Impact on the Development of the EU Digital Single Market and on the Outlook of the 5G Market 83Qin TANG5.1 Introduction 835.2 The epical US sanctions and EU undertakings 845.3 Basic ideas of 5G 875.3.1 What is 5G? 875.3.2 Three use cases of the application of 5G 885.3.3 5G: A new shuffle in the current global value chain? 905.4 Concerns and fallacies 935.5. Focusing on policy regulation instead of geopolitical gameplaying? 985.6 Conclusion: 5G future in juncture 995.7 References 102Chapter 6 Analyzing the Quality of Online Product Reviews and their Antecedents 109Yin XU and Sam DZEVER6.1 Introduction 1096.2 Literature review 1106.2.1 Definition and measurement of online review quality 1106.2.2 Antecedents of online review quality 1116.3 Theoretical model and hypothesis development 1126.3.1 The effect of product type on the quality of online reviews 1126.3.2. The effect of monetary incentive on the quality of online reviews 1136.3.3 Interactions between monetary incentives and product type 1146.4 Data collection 1156.5 Analysis and results 1176.5.1 Research model and analysis method 1176.5.2 Findings 1196.6 Conclusion and implications 1216.7 References 122Chapter 7 Climate Policy Challenges in China: Spatial and Econometric Analysis 129Miroslava ZAVADSKA, Lucía MORALES, Jarmila ZIMMERMANNOVÁ and Vít PÁSZTO7.1 Introduction 1307.2 China’s carbon emissions and economic growth 1317.3 Environmental issues and greenhouse gases 1347.4 Data and methodological framework 1387.4.1 Data 1387.4.2 Econometric models 1387.4.3 Spatial methods 1397.5 Econometric findings 1417.6 Spatial findings 1447.6.1 Coal consumption 1447.6.2 Consumption expenditure per capita on health care 1457.6.3 Carbon emissions 1467.6.4 Carbon intensity 1477.6.5 Typology of Chinese provinces based on cluster analysis 1497.6.6 Cluster analysis types 1497.7 Conclusion 1527.8 References 152Chapter 8. The Connecting Role of Home Country Institutions on SME Internationalization: China’s OFDI Support in Germany 157Fabian HÄNLE, Stefanie WEIL and Bart CAMBRÉ8.1 Introduction 1578.2 Literature review 1608.3 Methodology 1628.4 Findings and discussion 1658.4.1 Overview of findings 1658.4.2 Discussion of theoretical contributions 1718.5 Limitations and future research 1768.6 Implications and conclusion 1778.7 References 180Chapter 9 Stock Markets and Cultural Dimensions: A Comparison Between Japan, South Korea and China 193Sophie NIVOIX and Serge REY9.1 The relationships between cultural values and financial decisions 1949.1.1 The cultural dimensions of Hofstede 1959.1.2 The Schwartz dimensions 1969.1.3 The approach of Trompenaars 1979.1.4 The GLOBE project 1989.2 The measures of the cultural dimensions and their financial implications 1999.2.1 The Hofstede dimensions for Japan, South Korea and China 2009.2.2 The results of Schwartz for Japan, South Korea and China 2019.2.3. The Trompenaars dimensions for Japan, South Korea and China 2029.2.4 Scores of the GLOBE project for the three countries 2029.2.5. Summary of risk and return assumptions for the three countries 2049.3 Main financial patterns among the three stock markets 2059.4 Conclusion 2099.5 References 209Chapter 10 Geo-economics and Geopolitics of Power Balance: Insights from the China-Iran-Pakistan Alliance 213Lucía MORALES, Daniel RAJMIL and Bernadette ANDREOSSO-O’CALLAGHAN10.1 Introduction 21410.2 China’s economic challenges 21610.3 Globalization insights and power balance 22010.4 China-Pakistan-Iran trilateral cooperation 22110.5 Pakistan’s vital role in the CPEC and regional stability 22310.6. Energy and natural resources as a binding element for China’s geo-economics aspirations 22510.7 Pakistan’s shift from geopolitics to geo-economics 22710.8 Iran’s role in the alliance 22810.9 Conclusion 23210.10 References 233Chapter 11 The New Silk Road, EU-China Connectivity and Global Logistics Crisis: Nordic Perspective to the Eurasian Land Bridge Rail Routes 239Erja KETTUNEN and Claes G. ALVSTAM11.1 Introduction 23911.2 Europe-China connectivity and the geography of transportations 24111.2.1 Modes of transport in Europe-China trade 24111.2.2 Policy initiatives and the development of railway connectivity 24311.2.3 Data and method of the study 24511.3 Finnish rail transport routes to China along the Eurasian Land Bridge 24611.3.1 Before the regular connections 24611.3.2 The start of regular transports 24711.3.3 The impact of the connectivity policies 25011.3.4 The impact of the pandemic and global logistics disruption 25111.4 Conclusion 25311.5 References 254Conclusion 263Sam DZEVERList of Authors 265Index 267

Lucía Morales is an academic and active researcher at Technological University Dublin, Ireland. She has written many articles in the areas of economic development, economic and financial crises, international capital flows, emerging economies and economic growth, with a specific focus on Asian countries.Sam Dzever is Professor of Management at Institut Mines-Telecom Business School, LITEM, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France. His research in the fields of marketing, supply chain management, industrial organization and Asia-Pacific business has appeared in noted international academic journals.Robert Taylor was formerly Director of the Centre for Chinese Studies and Reader in Modern Chinese Studies at the University of Sheffield, UK. His research interests focus on China's domestic and foreign policy, especially Chinese business management.

• Introduction: Connectivity in Euro-Asian Business xiRobert TAYLORI.1 The Chinese conception of a new world order xiI.2 China as a global economic player in Europe xiiI.3 Sino-American rivalry in Asia xiiiI.4 China’s trade and investment in Asia xivI.5 China’s digitalization strategy in Asia xvI.6 Summary and conclusion xviI.7 References xixChapter 1 Japan’s Plans for Society 5.0 – A Global Concept, an Isolated Solution or Utopia? 1Jana-Larissa GRZESZKOWIAK1.1 Introduction 11.2 Achievements in the implementation process 31.3 Society 5.0 – a science, technology and innovation policy 91.4 Conclusion 111.5 References 12Chapter 2 European Union–Japan Relations: A Business System Overview of Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) 17Louis-Caleb REMANDA2.1 Introduction 172.2 Literature review 182.2.1 The relationship between Japan and the European Union in context 192.2.2 Understanding the business systems overview 212.2.3 Regionalization and Europeanization 232.3 Research propositions and methodology 252.4 Case of Japan – European Union Economic Partnership Agreement 272.4.1 The targets of the Free Trade Agreement 272.4.2 The organizations in charge of the implementation 282.4.3 Initiatives taken for the success of the EPA 292.4.4. JETRO and the EU-Japan Centre as bridges between authorities 302.5 Conclusion 322.6 References 32Chapter 3 The Evolving Foreign Direct Investment Landscape: Evidence from Europe and Asia 35Clare O’MAHONY and Thi Ngoc DAO3.1 Introduction 363.2 Measuring FDI 373.3 Country selection 383.4 Data availability and comprehensiveness 423.5 Effects of reverse investment 443.6 Effects of pass-through investment and corporate inversion 463.7 Concluding remarks 493.8 References 50Chapter 4 Investigating the Influencing Factors Revealing a Trade Potential for EU–China Agricultural Products: A Trade Gravity Model Approach 53Junshi LI and Bernadette ANDREOSSO-O’CALLAGHAN4.1 Introduction 534.2 Literature review 554.3 Methodology 584.4 Empirical results 654.4.1 The effects of GDP on EU–China agricultural trade 654.4.2 The effects of geographical distance on EU–China agricultural trade 674.4.3 The effect of GDP per capita on EU–China agricultural trade 694.4.4 The effect of institutional distance on EU–China agricultural trade 704.4.5 The effects of two dummy variables on the agricultural trade between the EU and China: WTO membership and landlocked 734.4.6. The EU’s trade potential vis-à-vis China in agricultural products 754.5 Conclusion 784.6 Appendix: Agricultural products defined by Standard International Trade Classification (SITC) 794.7 References 80Chapter 5 Understanding the US Restrictions on Huawei and their Impact on the Development of the EU Digital Single Market and on the Outlook of the 5G Market 83Qin TANG5.1 Introduction 835.2 The epical US sanctions and EU undertakings 845.3 Basic ideas of 5G 875.3.1 What is 5G? 875.3.2 Three use cases of the application of 5G 885.3.3 5G: A new shuffle in the current global value chain? 905.4 Concerns and fallacies 935.5. Focusing on policy regulation instead of geopolitical gameplaying? 985.6 Conclusion: 5G future in juncture 995.7 References 102Chapter 6 Analyzing the Quality of Online Product Reviews and their Antecedents 109Yin XU and Sam DZEVER6.1 Introduction 1096.2 Literature review 1106.2.1 Definition and measurement of online review quality 1106.2.2 Antecedents of online review quality 1116.3 Theoretical model and hypothesis development 1126.3.1 The effect of product type on the quality of online reviews 1126.3.2. The effect of monetary incentive on the quality of online reviews 1136.3.3 Interactions between monetary incentives and product type 1146.4 Data collection 1156.5 Analysis and results 1176.5.1 Research model and analysis method 1176.5.2 Findings 1196.6 Conclusion and implications 1216.7 References 122Chapter 7 Climate Policy Challenges in China: Spatial and Econometric Analysis 129Miroslava ZAVADSKA, Lucía MORALES, Jarmila ZIMMERMANNOVÁ and Vít PÁSZTO7.1 Introduction 1307.2 China’s carbon emissions and economic growth 1317.3 Environmental issues and greenhouse gases 1347.4 Data and methodological framework 1387.4.1 Data 1387.4.2 Econometric models 1387.4.3 Spatial methods 1397.5 Econometric findings 1417.6 Spatial findings 1447.6.1 Coal consumption 1447.6.2 Consumption expenditure per capita on health care 1457.6.3 Carbon emissions 1467.6.4 Carbon intensity 1477.6.5 Typology of Chinese provinces based on cluster analysis 1497.6.6 Cluster analysis types 1497.7 Conclusion 1527.8 References 152Chapter 8. The Connecting Role of Home Country Institutions on SME Internationalization: China’s OFDI Support in Germany 157Fabian HÄNLE, Stefanie WEIL and Bart CAMBRÉ8.1 Introduction 1578.2 Literature review 1608.3 Methodology 1628.4 Findings and discussion 1658.4.1 Overview of findings 1658.4.2 Discussion of theoretical contributions 1718.5 Limitations and future research 1768.6 Implications and conclusion 1778.7 References 180Chapter 9 Stock Markets and Cultural Dimensions: A Comparison Between Japan, South Korea and China 193Sophie NIVOIX and Serge REY9.1 The relationships between cultural values and financial decisions 1949.1.1 The cultural dimensions of Hofstede 1959.1.2 The Schwartz dimensions 1969.1.3 The approach of Trompenaars 1979.1.4 The GLOBE project 1989.2 The measures of the cultural dimensions and their financial implications 1999.2.1 The Hofstede dimensions for Japan, South Korea and China 2009.2.2 The results of Schwartz for Japan, South Korea and China 2019.2.3. The Trompenaars dimensions for Japan, South Korea and China 2029.2.4 Scores of the GLOBE project for the three countries 2029.2.5. Summary of risk and return assumptions for the three countries 2049.3 Main financial patterns among the three stock markets 2059.4 Conclusion 2099.5 References 209Chapter 10 Geo-economics and Geopolitics of Power Balance: Insights from the China-Iran-Pakistan Alliance 213Lucía MORALES, Daniel RAJMIL and Bernadette ANDREOSSO-O’CALLAGHAN10.1 Introduction 21410.2 China’s economic challenges 21610.3 Globalization insights and power balance 22010.4 China-Pakistan-Iran trilateral cooperation 22110.5 Pakistan’s vital role in the CPEC and regional stability 22310.6. Energy and natural resources as a binding element for China’s geo-economics aspirations 22510.7 Pakistan’s shift from geopolitics to geo-economics 22710.8 Iran’s role in the alliance 22810.9 Conclusion 23210.10 References 233Chapter 11 The New Silk Road, EU-China Connectivity and Global Logistics Crisis: Nordic Perspective to the Eurasian Land Bridge Rail Routes 239Erja KETTUNEN and Claes G. ALVSTAM11.1 Introduction 23911.2 Europe-China connectivity and the geography of transportations 24111.2.1 Modes of transport in Europe-China trade 24111.2.2 Policy initiatives and the development of railway connectivity 24311.2.3 Data and method of the study 24511.3 Finnish rail transport routes to China along the Eurasian Land Bridge 24611.3.1 Before the regular connections 24611.3.2 The start of regular transports 24711.3.3 The impact of the connectivity policies 25011.3.4 The impact of the pandemic and global logistics disruption 25111.4 Conclusion 25311.5 References 254Conclusion 263Sam DZEVERList of Authors 265Index 267

Lucía Morales is an academic and active researcher at Technological University Dublin, Ireland. She has written many articles in the areas of economic development, economic and financial crises, international capital flows, emerging economies and economic growth, with a specific focus on Asian countries.Sam Dzever is Professor of Management at Institut Mines-Telecom Business School, LITEM, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France. His research in the fields of marketing, supply chain management, industrial organization and Asia-Pacific business has appeared in noted international academic journals.Robert Taylor was formerly Director of the Centre for Chinese Studies and Reader in Modern Chinese Studies at the University of Sheffield, UK. His research interests focus on China's domestic and foreign policy, especially Chinese business management.

• Introduction: Connectivity in Euro-Asian Business xiRobert TAYLORI.1 The Chinese conception of a new world order xiI.2 China as a global economic player in Europe xiiI.3 Sino-American rivalry in Asia xiiiI.4 China’s trade and investment in Asia xivI.5 China’s digitalization strategy in Asia xvI.6 Summary and conclusion xviI.7 References xixChapter 1 Japan’s Plans for Society 5.0 – A Global Concept, an Isolated Solution or Utopia? 1Jana-Larissa GRZESZKOWIAK1.1 Introduction 11.2 Achievements in the implementation process 31.3 Society 5.0 – a science, technology and innovation policy 91.4 Conclusion 111.5 References 12Chapter 2 European Union–Japan Relations: A Business System Overview of Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) 17Louis-Caleb REMANDA2.1 Introduction 172.2 Literature review 182.2.1 The relationship between Japan and the European Union in context 192.2.2 Understanding the business systems overview 212.2.3 Regionalization and Europeanization 232.3 Research propositions and methodology 252.4 Case of Japan – European Union Economic Partnership Agreement 272.4.1 The targets of the Free Trade Agreement 272.4.2 The organizations in charge of the implementation 282.4.3 Initiatives taken for the success of the EPA 292.4.4. JETRO and the EU-Japan Centre as bridges between authorities 302.5 Conclusion 322.6 References 32Chapter 3 The Evolving Foreign Direct Investment Landscape: Evidence from Europe and Asia 35Clare O’MAHONY and Thi Ngoc DAO3.1 Introduction 363.2 Measuring FDI 373.3 Country selection 383.4 Data availability and comprehensiveness 423.5 Effects of reverse investment 443.6 Effects of pass-through investment and corporate inversion 463.7 Concluding remarks 493.8 References 50Chapter 4 Investigating the Influencing Factors Revealing a Trade Potential for EU–China Agricultural Products: A Trade Gravity Model Approach 53Junshi LI and Bernadette ANDREOSSO-O’CALLAGHAN4.1 Introduction 534.2 Literature review 554.3 Methodology 584.4 Empirical results 654.4.1 The effects of GDP on EU–China agricultural trade 654.4.2 The effects of geographical distance on EU–China agricultural trade 674.4.3 The effect of GDP per capita on EU–China agricultural trade 694.4.4 The effect of institutional distance on EU–China agricultural trade 704.4.5 The effects of two dummy variables on the agricultural trade between the EU and China: WTO membership and landlocked 734.4.6. The EU’s trade potential vis-à-vis China in agricultural products 754.5 Conclusion 784.6 Appendix: Agricultural products defined by Standard International Trade Classification (SITC) 794.7 References 80Chapter 5 Understanding the US Restrictions on Huawei and their Impact on the Development of the EU Digital Single Market and on the Outlook of the 5G Market 83Qin TANG5.1 Introduction 835.2 The epical US sanctions and EU undertakings 845.3 Basic ideas of 5G 875.3.1 What is 5G? 875.3.2 Three use cases of the application of 5G 885.3.3 5G: A new shuffle in the current global value chain? 905.4 Concerns and fallacies 935.5. Focusing on policy regulation instead of geopolitical gameplaying? 985.6 Conclusion: 5G future in juncture 995.7 References 102Chapter 6 Analyzing the Quality of Online Product Reviews and their Antecedents 109Yin XU and Sam DZEVER6.1 Introduction 1096.2 Literature review 1106.2.1 Definition and measurement of online review quality 1106.2.2 Antecedents of online review quality 1116.3 Theoretical model and hypothesis development 1126.3.1 The effect of product type on the quality of online reviews 1126.3.2. The effect of monetary incentive on the quality of online reviews 1136.3.3 Interactions between monetary incentives and product type 1146.4 Data collection 1156.5 Analysis and results 1176.5.1 Research model and analysis method 1176.5.2 Findings 1196.6 Conclusion and implications 1216.7 References 122Chapter 7 Climate Policy Challenges in China: Spatial and Econometric Analysis 129Miroslava ZAVADSKA, Lucía MORALES, Jarmila ZIMMERMANNOVÁ and Vít PÁSZTO7.1 Introduction 1307.2 China’s carbon emissions and economic growth 1317.3 Environmental issues and greenhouse gases 1347.4 Data and methodological framework 1387.4.1 Data 1387.4.2 Econometric models 1387.4.3 Spatial methods 1397.5 Econometric findings 1417.6 Spatial findings 1447.6.1 Coal consumption 1447.6.2 Consumption expenditure per capita on health care 1457.6.3 Carbon emissions 1467.6.4 Carbon intensity 1477.6.5 Typology of Chinese provinces based on cluster analysis 1497.6.6 Cluster analysis types 1497.7 Conclusion 1527.8 References 152Chapter 8. The Connecting Role of Home Country Institutions on SME Internationalization: China’s OFDI Support in Germany 157Fabian HÄNLE, Stefanie WEIL and Bart CAMBRÉ8.1 Introduction 1578.2 Literature review 1608.3 Methodology 1628.4 Findings and discussion 1658.4.1 Overview of findings 1658.4.2 Discussion of theoretical contributions 1718.5 Limitations and future research 1768.6 Implications and conclusion 1778.7 References 180Chapter 9 Stock Markets and Cultural Dimensions: A Comparison Between Japan, South Korea and China 193Sophie NIVOIX and Serge REY9.1 The relationships between cultural values and financial decisions 1949.1.1 The cultural dimensions of Hofstede 1959.1.2 The Schwartz dimensions 1969.1.3 The approach of Trompenaars 1979.1.4 The GLOBE project 1989.2 The measures of the cultural dimensions and their financial implications 1999.2.1 The Hofstede dimensions for Japan, South Korea and China 2009.2.2 The results of Schwartz for Japan, South Korea and China 2019.2.3. The Trompenaars dimensions for Japan, South Korea and China 2029.2.4 Scores of the GLOBE project for the three countries 2029.2.5. Summary of risk and return assumptions for the three countries 2049.3 Main financial patterns among the three stock markets 2059.4 Conclusion 2099.5 References 209Chapter 10 Geo-economics and Geopolitics of Power Balance: Insights from the China-Iran-Pakistan Alliance 213Lucía MORALES, Daniel RAJMIL and Bernadette ANDREOSSO-O’CALLAGHAN10.1 Introduction 21410.2 China’s economic challenges 21610.3 Globalization insights and power balance 22010.4 China-Pakistan-Iran trilateral cooperation 22110.5 Pakistan’s vital role in the CPEC and regional stability 22310.6. Energy and natural resources as a binding element for China’s geo-economics aspirations 22510.7 Pakistan’s shift from geopolitics to geo-economics 22710.8 Iran’s role in the alliance 22810.9 Conclusion 23210.10 References 233Chapter 11 The New Silk Road, EU-China Connectivity and Global Logistics Crisis: Nordic Perspective to the Eurasian Land Bridge Rail Routes 239Erja KETTUNEN and Claes G. ALVSTAM11.1 Introduction 23911.2 Europe-China connectivity and the geography of transportations 24111.2.1 Modes of transport in Europe-China trade 24111.2.2 Policy initiatives and the development of railway connectivity 24311.2.3 Data and method of the study 24511.3 Finnish rail transport routes to China along the Eurasian Land Bridge 24611.3.1 Before the regular connections 24611.3.2 The start of regular transports 24711.3.3 The impact of the connectivity policies 25011.3.4 The impact of the pandemic and global logistics disruption 25111.4 Conclusion 25311.5 References 254Conclusion 263Sam DZEVERList of Authors 265Index 267