A concise, accessible treatment of the very key areas and issues that should be taken into consideration in relation to the development of storage projects.

• I. Introduction 71. Issues and challenges 72. Current and predicted storage deployment 8II. Why is electricity storage required? 91. Benefits 92. Range of services 9III. Storage technologies 131. Technology summaries 132. Technology selection 16IV. Applications 191. Standalone storage projects 192. Co-location with generation 203. Commercial behind-the-meter applications 224. Domestic behind-the-meter applications 245. Islanded networks and micro-grids 246. Co-location with electric vehicle charging infrastructure 25V. Regulatory framework 271. Overview 272. Licensing 273. Final consumption levies 284. Network charging 295. Definition of storage 306. Disputes 32VI. Role of stakeholders 331. Government 332. Energy regulator 353. System operators 364. Network owners 385. Aggregators 406. Suppliers 417. Generators 42VII. Revenue streams 431. Revenue stacking 432. Frequency response 453. Provision of reserve 474. Black Start 505. Alternative system services 506. Energy trading 507. Participation in balancing market 518. Other revenue streams 52VIII. Electricity export and trading agreement 531. Overview 532. Trading arrangements 543. Co-located projects 55IX. Import electricity supply agreement 571. Agreement structure 572. Pricing 58X. Grid connection arrangements 611. Key considerations 612. Existing connections 633. Active network management 63XI. Construction contract 651. Contractual structure 652. Key issues 66XII. Operations agreement 691. Structure and key provisions 692. Additional considerations 70XIII. Land agreement 711. Land requirement 712. Key considerations 72XIV. Permitting 751. Consent to construct and operate 752. Producer responsibility 763. Wider environmental and health and safety requirements 76XV. Corporate arrangements 791. Corporate structures 792. M&A activity 803. Investors 81XVI. Financing arrangements 831. Overview 832. Key challenges 843. Key issues 844. Key financing terms 88XVII.Conclusion 91Notes 92About the author 95About Globe Law and Business 96

A concise, accessible treatment of the very key areas and issues that should be taken into consideration in relation to the development of storage projects.

• I. Introduction 71. Issues and challenges 72. Current and predicted storage deployment 8II. Why is electricity storage required? 91. Benefits 92. Range of services 9III. Storage technologies 131. Technology summaries 132. Technology selection 16IV. Applications 191. Standalone storage projects 192. Co-location with generation 203. Commercial behind-the-meter applications 224. Domestic behind-the-meter applications 245. Islanded networks and micro-grids 246. Co-location with electric vehicle charging infrastructure 25V. Regulatory framework 271. Overview 272. Licensing 273. Final consumption levies 284. Network charging 295. Definition of storage 306. Disputes 32VI. Role of stakeholders 331. Government 332. Energy regulator 353. System operators 364. Network owners 385. Aggregators 406. Suppliers 417. Generators 42VII. Revenue streams 431. Revenue stacking 432. Frequency response 453. Provision of reserve 474. Black Start 505. Alternative system services 506. Energy trading 507. Participation in balancing market 518. Other revenue streams 52VIII. Electricity export and trading agreement 531. Overview 532. Trading arrangements 543. Co-located projects 55IX. Import electricity supply agreement 571. Agreement structure 572. Pricing 58X. Grid connection arrangements 611. Key considerations 612. Existing connections 633. Active network management 63XI. Construction contract 651. Contractual structure 652. Key issues 66XII. Operations agreement 691. Structure and key provisions 692. Additional considerations 70XIII. Land agreement 711. Land requirement 712. Key considerations 72XIV. Permitting 751. Consent to construct and operate 752. Producer responsibility 763. Wider environmental and health and safety requirements 76XV. Corporate arrangements 791. Corporate structures 792. M&A activity 803. Investors 81XVI. Financing arrangements 831. Overview 832. Key challenges 843. Key issues 844. Key financing terms 88XVII.Conclusion 91Notes 92About the author 95About Globe Law and Business 96

A concise, accessible treatment of the very key areas and issues that should be taken into consideration in relation to the development of storage projects.

• I. Introduction 71. Issues and challenges 72. Current and predicted storage deployment 8II. Why is electricity storage required? 91. Benefits 92. Range of services 9III. Storage technologies 131. Technology summaries 132. Technology selection 16IV. Applications 191. Standalone storage projects 192. Co-location with generation 203. Commercial behind-the-meter applications 224. Domestic behind-the-meter applications 245. Islanded networks and micro-grids 246. Co-location with electric vehicle charging infrastructure 25V. Regulatory framework 271. Overview 272. Licensing 273. Final consumption levies 284. Network charging 295. Definition of storage 306. Disputes 32VI. Role of stakeholders 331. Government 332. Energy regulator 353. System operators 364. Network owners 385. Aggregators 406. Suppliers 417. Generators 42VII. Revenue streams 431. Revenue stacking 432. Frequency response 453. Provision of reserve 474. Black Start 505. Alternative system services 506. Energy trading 507. Participation in balancing market 518. Other revenue streams 52VIII. Electricity export and trading agreement 531. Overview 532. Trading arrangements 543. Co-located projects 55IX. Import electricity supply agreement 571. Agreement structure 572. Pricing 58X. Grid connection arrangements 611. Key considerations 612. Existing connections 633. Active network management 63XI. Construction contract 651. Contractual structure 652. Key issues 66XII. Operations agreement 691. Structure and key provisions 692. Additional considerations 70XIII. Land agreement 711. Land requirement 712. Key considerations 72XIV. Permitting 751. Consent to construct and operate 752. Producer responsibility 763. Wider environmental and health and safety requirements 76XV. Corporate arrangements 791. Corporate structures 792. M&A activity 803. Investors 81XVI. Financing arrangements 831. Overview 832. Key challenges 843. Key issues 844. Key financing terms 88XVII.Conclusion 91Notes 92About the author 95About Globe Law and Business 96