Dr. Liliya Berezhnaya is currently a Research Associate at the University of Amsterdam and a Self-supporting Visiting Professor at KU Leuven, Faculty of Theology and Religious Studies. She is the author of the books: Die Militarisierung der Heiligen in Vormoderne und Moderne (2020); Iconic Turns: Nation and Religion in Eastern European Cinema Since 1989 (2013; co-edited with Christian Schmitt); and The World to Come: Ukrainian Images of the Last Judgment (2015; co-authored with John-Paul Himka).

“Over thirteen case-studies, grouped loosely by theme and chronology, editors Liliya Berezhnaya and Heidi Hein-Kircher have brought together a readable collection, with a welcome coherence, thanks to its narrowness of theme— which is unpacked in two prefatory essays and a conclusion.” • English Historical Review“As this volume shows so well, bulwark myths persist in many places. Rampart Nations is an excellent guide to a problem that shows no signs of going away.” • Hungarian Historical Review“This is a very strong assortment of essays from a well-chosen and varied team of international collaborators…an excellent and eloquent contribution to a topic that is only becoming more relevant both within historiography and the modern political context. The editors deserve praise not only for the commendable work in putting together this cooperative piece but also for the admirable introduction, which provides a thorough discussion of the available scholarly literature on the antemurale myth.” • Quaestio Rossica“This volume does not simply offer a study on the history of nationalism in Eastern Europe, but also shows how history is still alive today and informs our everyday lives. As such, Rampart Nations is a great resource for students and scholars of both historical and contemporary Eastern Europe.” • Slavic & East European Journal“This collection contributes a great deal to the relativizing of the different ideas of bulwarks. By contrasting these the volume makes the commonalities more visible.” • Sehepunkte“This volume is a successful example of how History can offer insights into political challenges of the present…The quality of the contributions is excellent throughout, as are the numerous cross references, indicating the competent work done by the editors. The volume as a whole but also because of the quality of the individual contributions is to be recommended unreservedly.” • Jahrbücher für Geschichte Osteuropas“This edited volume provides the reader with a fresh and engaging perspective on the issue of contact zones in Eastern Europe. It gives readers great insights on new and exciting interpretations of transnational history in the region through a well-researched and fascinating assemblage of texts.” • Candadian Slavonic Papers/Revue Canadienne des Slavistes“The volume is an outstanding piece of scholarship as it offers a glimpse beyond the rampart to readers from this part of the continent and beyond. It makes clear the immense complexity of the task of legitimising the presence and depicting the role of particular nations in this part of Europe in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.” • Acta Poloniae Historica“Questions about borders are a familiar topic on news and social media sites: who controls borders, where they should be located, and which side are you on. Rampart Nations is a timely anthology of essays on borders and borderlands, addressing the antemurale (bulwark) myth in Eastern Europe. The volume illuminates the historicity of the myth while also identifying how the concept continues to have contemporary meaning and purpose”. • The Russian Review“The contributions in this volume are immensely valuable and include some of the most innovative and best-argued texts I have read in the field.” • Piotr H. Kosicki, University of Maryland“Rampart Nations is a worthy compilation that will interest historians and other scholars. It contains solid scholarship on a subject that deserves attention, adding to our knowledge and understanding of European history and how current society has evolved.” • Sebastian Siebel-Achenbach, University of Waterloo

• List of IllustrationsAcknowledgmentsA Note on Transliteration and ToponymsPART I: BACKGROUNDIntroduction: Constructing a Rampart Nation: Conceptual FrameworkLiliya Berezhnaya and Heidi Hein-KircherChapter 1. The Origins of Antemurale Christianitatis Myths: Remarks on the Promotion of a Political ConceptKerstin WeiandPART II: (DE-)SACRALIZING AND NATIONALIZING BORDERLANDSChapter 2. Not a Bulwark, But a Part of the Larger Catholic Community: The Romanian Greek Catholic Church in Transylvania (1700–1850)Ciprian GhisaChapter 3. Securitizing the Polish Bulwark:The Mission of Lviv in Polish Travel Guides During the Late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth CenturiesHeidi Hein-KircherChapter 4. Ghetto as an "Inner Antemurale"? Debates on Exclusion, Integration, and Identity in Galicia in the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth CenturyJürgen HeydeChapter 5. Holy Ground and a Bulwark against "the Other”: The (Re)Construction of an Orthodox Crimea in the Nineteenth-Century Russian EmpireKerstin S. JobstChapter 6. Bastions of Faith in the Oceans of Ambiguities: Monasteries in the East European Borderlands (Late Nineteenth– Beginning of the Twentieth Century)Liliya BerezhnayaChapter 7. "The Turkish Wall:" Turkey as an Anti-Communist and Anti-Russian Bulwark in the Twentieth CenturyZaur GasimovPART III: PROMOTING ANTEMURALE DISCOURSESChapter 8. Why Didn’t the Antemurale Historical Mythology Develop in Early Nineteenth-Century Ukraine?Volodymyr KravchenkoChapter 9. Translating the Border(s) in a Multilingual and Multiethnic Society: Antemurale Myths in Polish and Ukrainian Schoolbooks of the Habsburg MonarchyPhilipp HofenederChapter 10. Mediating the Antemurale Myth in East Central Europe: Religion and Politics in Modern Geographers' Entangled Lives and MapsSteven SeegelChapter 11. Bulwarks of Anti-Bolshevism: Russophobic Polemic of the Christian Right in Poland and Hungary in the Interwar Years and Their Roots in the Nineteenth CenturyPaul SrodeckiChapter 12. Defenders of the Russian Land: Viktor Vasnetsov's Warriors and Russia’s Bulwark MythStephen M. NorrisPART IV: REFLECTIONS ON THE BULWARK MYTHS TODAYChapter 13. Antemurale Thinking as Historical Myth and Ethnic Boundary MechanismPål KolstøChapter 14. Concluding Thoughts on Central and Eastern European Bulwark Rhetoric in the Twenty-First CenturyPaul SrodeckiIndex

Dr. Liliya Berezhnaya is currently a Research Associate at the University of Amsterdam and a Self-supporting Visiting Professor at KU Leuven, Faculty of Theology and Religious Studies. She is the author of the books: Die Militarisierung der Heiligen in Vormoderne und Moderne (2020); Iconic Turns: Nation and Religion in Eastern European Cinema Since 1989 (2013; co-edited with Christian Schmitt); and The World to Come: Ukrainian Images of the Last Judgment (2015; co-authored with John-Paul Himka).

“Over thirteen case-studies, grouped loosely by theme and chronology, editors Liliya Berezhnaya and Heidi Hein-Kircher have brought together a readable collection, with a welcome coherence, thanks to its narrowness of theme— which is unpacked in two prefatory essays and a conclusion.” • English Historical Review“As this volume shows so well, bulwark myths persist in many places. Rampart Nations is an excellent guide to a problem that shows no signs of going away.” • Hungarian Historical Review“This is a very strong assortment of essays from a well-chosen and varied team of international collaborators…an excellent and eloquent contribution to a topic that is only becoming more relevant both within historiography and the modern political context. The editors deserve praise not only for the commendable work in putting together this cooperative piece but also for the admirable introduction, which provides a thorough discussion of the available scholarly literature on the antemurale myth.” • Quaestio Rossica“This volume does not simply offer a study on the history of nationalism in Eastern Europe, but also shows how history is still alive today and informs our everyday lives. As such, Rampart Nations is a great resource for students and scholars of both historical and contemporary Eastern Europe.” • Slavic & East European Journal“This collection contributes a great deal to the relativizing of the different ideas of bulwarks. By contrasting these the volume makes the commonalities more visible.” • Sehepunkte“This volume is a successful example of how History can offer insights into political challenges of the present…The quality of the contributions is excellent throughout, as are the numerous cross references, indicating the competent work done by the editors. The volume as a whole but also because of the quality of the individual contributions is to be recommended unreservedly.” • Jahrbücher für Geschichte Osteuropas“This edited volume provides the reader with a fresh and engaging perspective on the issue of contact zones in Eastern Europe. It gives readers great insights on new and exciting interpretations of transnational history in the region through a well-researched and fascinating assemblage of texts.” • Candadian Slavonic Papers/Revue Canadienne des Slavistes“The volume is an outstanding piece of scholarship as it offers a glimpse beyond the rampart to readers from this part of the continent and beyond. It makes clear the immense complexity of the task of legitimising the presence and depicting the role of particular nations in this part of Europe in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.” • Acta Poloniae Historica“Questions about borders are a familiar topic on news and social media sites: who controls borders, where they should be located, and which side are you on. Rampart Nations is a timely anthology of essays on borders and borderlands, addressing the antemurale (bulwark) myth in Eastern Europe. The volume illuminates the historicity of the myth while also identifying how the concept continues to have contemporary meaning and purpose”. • The Russian Review“The contributions in this volume are immensely valuable and include some of the most innovative and best-argued texts I have read in the field.” • Piotr H. Kosicki, University of Maryland“Rampart Nations is a worthy compilation that will interest historians and other scholars. It contains solid scholarship on a subject that deserves attention, adding to our knowledge and understanding of European history and how current society has evolved.” • Sebastian Siebel-Achenbach, University of Waterloo

• List of IllustrationsAcknowledgmentsA Note on Transliteration and ToponymsPART I: BACKGROUNDIntroduction: Constructing a Rampart Nation: Conceptual FrameworkLiliya Berezhnaya and Heidi Hein-KircherChapter 1. The Origins of Antemurale Christianitatis Myths: Remarks on the Promotion of a Political ConceptKerstin WeiandPART II: (DE-)SACRALIZING AND NATIONALIZING BORDERLANDSChapter 2. Not a Bulwark, But a Part of the Larger Catholic Community: The Romanian Greek Catholic Church in Transylvania (1700–1850)Ciprian GhisaChapter 3. Securitizing the Polish Bulwark:The Mission of Lviv in Polish Travel Guides During the Late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth CenturiesHeidi Hein-KircherChapter 4. Ghetto as an "Inner Antemurale"? Debates on Exclusion, Integration, and Identity in Galicia in the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth CenturyJürgen HeydeChapter 5. Holy Ground and a Bulwark against "the Other”: The (Re)Construction of an Orthodox Crimea in the Nineteenth-Century Russian EmpireKerstin S. JobstChapter 6. Bastions of Faith in the Oceans of Ambiguities: Monasteries in the East European Borderlands (Late Nineteenth– Beginning of the Twentieth Century)Liliya BerezhnayaChapter 7. "The Turkish Wall:" Turkey as an Anti-Communist and Anti-Russian Bulwark in the Twentieth CenturyZaur GasimovPART III: PROMOTING ANTEMURALE DISCOURSESChapter 8. Why Didn’t the Antemurale Historical Mythology Develop in Early Nineteenth-Century Ukraine?Volodymyr KravchenkoChapter 9. Translating the Border(s) in a Multilingual and Multiethnic Society: Antemurale Myths in Polish and Ukrainian Schoolbooks of the Habsburg MonarchyPhilipp HofenederChapter 10. Mediating the Antemurale Myth in East Central Europe: Religion and Politics in Modern Geographers' Entangled Lives and MapsSteven SeegelChapter 11. Bulwarks of Anti-Bolshevism: Russophobic Polemic of the Christian Right in Poland and Hungary in the Interwar Years and Their Roots in the Nineteenth CenturyPaul SrodeckiChapter 12. Defenders of the Russian Land: Viktor Vasnetsov's Warriors and Russia’s Bulwark MythStephen M. NorrisPART IV: REFLECTIONS ON THE BULWARK MYTHS TODAYChapter 13. Antemurale Thinking as Historical Myth and Ethnic Boundary MechanismPål KolstøChapter 14. Concluding Thoughts on Central and Eastern European Bulwark Rhetoric in the Twenty-First CenturyPaul SrodeckiIndex

Dr. Liliya Berezhnaya is currently a Research Associate at the University of Amsterdam and a Self-supporting Visiting Professor at KU Leuven, Faculty of Theology and Religious Studies. She is the author of the books: Die Militarisierung der Heiligen in Vormoderne und Moderne (2020); Iconic Turns: Nation and Religion in Eastern European Cinema Since 1989 (2013; co-edited with Christian Schmitt); and The World to Come: Ukrainian Images of the Last Judgment (2015; co-authored with John-Paul Himka).

“Over thirteen case-studies, grouped loosely by theme and chronology, editors Liliya Berezhnaya and Heidi Hein-Kircher have brought together a readable collection, with a welcome coherence, thanks to its narrowness of theme— which is unpacked in two prefatory essays and a conclusion.” • English Historical Review“As this volume shows so well, bulwark myths persist in many places. Rampart Nations is an excellent guide to a problem that shows no signs of going away.” • Hungarian Historical Review“This is a very strong assortment of essays from a well-chosen and varied team of international collaborators…an excellent and eloquent contribution to a topic that is only becoming more relevant both within historiography and the modern political context. The editors deserve praise not only for the commendable work in putting together this cooperative piece but also for the admirable introduction, which provides a thorough discussion of the available scholarly literature on the antemurale myth.” • Quaestio Rossica“This volume does not simply offer a study on the history of nationalism in Eastern Europe, but also shows how history is still alive today and informs our everyday lives. As such, Rampart Nations is a great resource for students and scholars of both historical and contemporary Eastern Europe.” • Slavic & East European Journal“This collection contributes a great deal to the relativizing of the different ideas of bulwarks. By contrasting these the volume makes the commonalities more visible.” • Sehepunkte“This volume is a successful example of how History can offer insights into political challenges of the present…The quality of the contributions is excellent throughout, as are the numerous cross references, indicating the competent work done by the editors. The volume as a whole but also because of the quality of the individual contributions is to be recommended unreservedly.” • Jahrbücher für Geschichte Osteuropas“This edited volume provides the reader with a fresh and engaging perspective on the issue of contact zones in Eastern Europe. It gives readers great insights on new and exciting interpretations of transnational history in the region through a well-researched and fascinating assemblage of texts.” • Candadian Slavonic Papers/Revue Canadienne des Slavistes“The volume is an outstanding piece of scholarship as it offers a glimpse beyond the rampart to readers from this part of the continent and beyond. It makes clear the immense complexity of the task of legitimising the presence and depicting the role of particular nations in this part of Europe in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.” • Acta Poloniae Historica“Questions about borders are a familiar topic on news and social media sites: who controls borders, where they should be located, and which side are you on. Rampart Nations is a timely anthology of essays on borders and borderlands, addressing the antemurale (bulwark) myth in Eastern Europe. The volume illuminates the historicity of the myth while also identifying how the concept continues to have contemporary meaning and purpose”. • The Russian Review“The contributions in this volume are immensely valuable and include some of the most innovative and best-argued texts I have read in the field.” • Piotr H. Kosicki, University of Maryland“Rampart Nations is a worthy compilation that will interest historians and other scholars. It contains solid scholarship on a subject that deserves attention, adding to our knowledge and understanding of European history and how current society has evolved.” • Sebastian Siebel-Achenbach, University of Waterloo

• List of IllustrationsAcknowledgmentsA Note on Transliteration and ToponymsPART I: BACKGROUNDIntroduction: Constructing a Rampart Nation: Conceptual FrameworkLiliya Berezhnaya and Heidi Hein-KircherChapter 1. The Origins of Antemurale Christianitatis Myths: Remarks on the Promotion of a Political ConceptKerstin WeiandPART II: (DE-)SACRALIZING AND NATIONALIZING BORDERLANDSChapter 2. Not a Bulwark, But a Part of the Larger Catholic Community: The Romanian Greek Catholic Church in Transylvania (1700–1850)Ciprian GhisaChapter 3. Securitizing the Polish Bulwark:The Mission of Lviv in Polish Travel Guides During the Late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth CenturiesHeidi Hein-KircherChapter 4. Ghetto as an "Inner Antemurale"? Debates on Exclusion, Integration, and Identity in Galicia in the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth CenturyJürgen HeydeChapter 5. Holy Ground and a Bulwark against "the Other”: The (Re)Construction of an Orthodox Crimea in the Nineteenth-Century Russian EmpireKerstin S. JobstChapter 6. Bastions of Faith in the Oceans of Ambiguities: Monasteries in the East European Borderlands (Late Nineteenth– Beginning of the Twentieth Century)Liliya BerezhnayaChapter 7. "The Turkish Wall:" Turkey as an Anti-Communist and Anti-Russian Bulwark in the Twentieth CenturyZaur GasimovPART III: PROMOTING ANTEMURALE DISCOURSESChapter 8. Why Didn’t the Antemurale Historical Mythology Develop in Early Nineteenth-Century Ukraine?Volodymyr KravchenkoChapter 9. Translating the Border(s) in a Multilingual and Multiethnic Society: Antemurale Myths in Polish and Ukrainian Schoolbooks of the Habsburg MonarchyPhilipp HofenederChapter 10. Mediating the Antemurale Myth in East Central Europe: Religion and Politics in Modern Geographers' Entangled Lives and MapsSteven SeegelChapter 11. Bulwarks of Anti-Bolshevism: Russophobic Polemic of the Christian Right in Poland and Hungary in the Interwar Years and Their Roots in the Nineteenth CenturyPaul SrodeckiChapter 12. Defenders of the Russian Land: Viktor Vasnetsov's Warriors and Russia’s Bulwark MythStephen M. NorrisPART IV: REFLECTIONS ON THE BULWARK MYTHS TODAYChapter 13. Antemurale Thinking as Historical Myth and Ethnic Boundary MechanismPål KolstøChapter 14. Concluding Thoughts on Central and Eastern European Bulwark Rhetoric in the Twenty-First CenturyPaul SrodeckiIndex