Claudio Giardino is Associate Professor of Prehistory and Protohistory at the University of Salento (Lecce, Italy), where he also teaches Prehistoric Archaeometallurgy at the Post-graduate School of Archaeology.

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• List of illustrations and tablesAcknowledgmentsForeword1 – A country of environmental diversities2 – A geological and mineralogical overview3 – Basic elements of metallurgy4 – Copper for Sumer5 – The earliest appearance of metalworking6 – Early Bronze Age: the Hafit period, ca. 3200-2800 BC7 – Early Bronze Age: the Umm an-Nar period, ca. 2800-2000 BC8 – The prehistoric copper mines9 – Copper smelting in prehistoric Oman10 – Middle and Late Bronze Age: the Wadi Suq period. ca. 2000-1300 BC11 – Early Iron Age, ca. 1300-300 BC12 – Chemical-Physical Analyses by Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) – by Claudio Giardino and Giovanni PaternosterBibliographical referencesIndex

Claudio Giardino is Associate Professor of Prehistory and Protohistory at the University of Salento (Lecce, Italy), where he also teaches Prehistoric Archaeometallurgy at the Post-graduate School of Archaeology.

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• List of illustrations and tablesAcknowledgmentsForeword1 – A country of environmental diversities2 – A geological and mineralogical overview3 – Basic elements of metallurgy4 – Copper for Sumer5 – The earliest appearance of metalworking6 – Early Bronze Age: the Hafit period, ca. 3200-2800 BC7 – Early Bronze Age: the Umm an-Nar period, ca. 2800-2000 BC8 – The prehistoric copper mines9 – Copper smelting in prehistoric Oman10 – Middle and Late Bronze Age: the Wadi Suq period. ca. 2000-1300 BC11 – Early Iron Age, ca. 1300-300 BC12 – Chemical-Physical Analyses by Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) – by Claudio Giardino and Giovanni PaternosterBibliographical referencesIndex

Claudio Giardino is Associate Professor of Prehistory and Protohistory at the University of Salento (Lecce, Italy), where he also teaches Prehistoric Archaeometallurgy at the Post-graduate School of Archaeology.

Select Guide Rating

• List of illustrations and tablesAcknowledgmentsForeword1 – A country of environmental diversities2 – A geological and mineralogical overview3 – Basic elements of metallurgy4 – Copper for Sumer5 – The earliest appearance of metalworking6 – Early Bronze Age: the Hafit period, ca. 3200-2800 BC7 – Early Bronze Age: the Umm an-Nar period, ca. 2800-2000 BC8 – The prehistoric copper mines9 – Copper smelting in prehistoric Oman10 – Middle and Late Bronze Age: the Wadi Suq period. ca. 2000-1300 BC11 – Early Iron Age, ca. 1300-300 BC12 – Chemical-Physical Analyses by Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) – by Claudio Giardino and Giovanni PaternosterBibliographical referencesIndex