Global Exchanges

Ludovic Tournès is Professor of International History at the University of Geneva. As a specialist of cultural and scientific transnational circulations, cultural diplomacy, and US-Europe relations, he has published five books, most recently Les Etats-Unis et la Société des Nations: le système international face à l’émergence d’une superpuissance (Peter Lang, 2015).

“Overall, this volume is significant because it reminds scholars that education programmes, which have a history of their own, are not only vital elements of academia, but also have a role as potent elements of power politics.” • History of Education“The volume is an exciting invitation for mobility scholars to rethink the place of knowledge mobilities within their work. It also provokes readers to consider the variety of ways in which knowledges travel and the various conceptual and methodological frameworks necessary to study them. I have no doubt that Global Exchanges is a long-awaited and important contribution not only for historians of international relations but also for mobility scholars, sociologists, geographers, and anthropologists alike.” • Transfers“This is an excellent collection that treats an important subject of historical inquiry in a long and truly global context. There is a great array of temporal and geographical examples to be found here which validate the interpretive framework and cumulatively provide a valuable and original survey of ‘the first century of official scholarship.’” • Tomás Irish, Swansea University

• List of Figures and TablesAcknowledgementsList of AbbreviationsIntroduction: A World of Exchanges: Conceptualizing the History of International Scholarship Programs (Nineteenth to Twenty-First Centuries)Ludovic Tournès and Giles Scott-SmithPART I: NATIONAL AND IMPERIAL POWER POLITICSChapter 1. The Politics of Scholarly Exchange: Taking the Long View on the Rhodes ScholarshipsTamson Pietsch & Meng-Hsuan ChouAppendix: Derek Jon de SaChapter 2. The Defeat of University Autonomy: French Academic Diplomacy, Mobility Scholarships and Exchange Programs (1880s-1930s)Guillaume TronchetAppendix: The French-Serbian Academic Exchange Agreement of 1916Chapter 3. The Commonwealth University Interchange Scheme: Promoting Exchanges in a Changing World (1948-1960)Alice ByrneAppendix: Sir Hector Hetherington (1888-1965)Chapter 4. Students as Ambassadors: German-American Exchange Diplomacy during the 1980sJacob S. EderAppendix: Hildegard Hamm-Brücher (1921-2016)PART II: INTERNATIONAL UNDERSTANDING AND WORLD PEACEChapter 5. Muscular Christian Exchanges: Asian Sports Experts and the International YMCA Training School (1910s-1930s)Stefan HübnerAppendix: Dong Shouyi (1895-1978)Chapter 6. Managing Scientific Exchange in Interwar Germany: August Wilhelm Fehling and Rockefeller Foundation FellowshipsJudith Syga-DuboisAppendix: Eva FlüggeChapter 7. Wedges and Webs: Rockefeller Nursing Fellowships (1920-1940)Pierre-Yves SaunierAppendix: Katarina StipeticChapter 8. Fellowship Programs for Public Health Development: The Rockefeller Foundation, UNRRA, and the WHO (1920s – 1970s)Yi-Tang Lin, Thomas David, Davide RodognoChapter 9. New Missionaries for Social Development: The ILO Internship Program (1950-1963)Véronique Plata-StengerAppendix: Fresia Carballo de MendozaPART III: THE COLD WAR: A GOLD AGE OF SCHOLARSHIP PROGRAMSChapter 10. The Fulbright Program and the Philosophy and Geography of US Exchange Programs since World War IILonnie R. JohnsonAppendix: The Long-Term Impact of the Fulbright Program. An Assessment by Bronislaw MarciniakChapter 11. Grassroots Diplomacy: Fighting the Cold War on the Family Farm with the International Farm Youth ExchangePeter SimonsAppendix: Preparing for Farm Life AbroadChapter 12. Third World Students at Soviet Universities in the Brezhnev PeriodJulie HesslerChapter 13. US Exchange Programs with Africa during the Civil Rights EraHannah HigginChapter 14. Working on/Working with the Soviet Bloc: IREX, Scholarly Exchanges and DétenteJustine FaureAppendix: Allen H. KassofPART IV: THE GLOBALIZATION MOMENT: NEW GEOGRAPHY AND NEW CHALLENGESChapter 15. American Foundations and the Challenge of Funding International Fellowship and Exchange Programs Since 1970Patricia L. RosenfieldChapter 16. Global Networks, Soft Power, and the US MilitaryCarol AtkinsonAppendix: Kristin LundChapter 17. American Fulbrighters in China (1979-2014)Guangqiu XuChapter 18. Importing Barbarian Knowledge : The JET Program and the Development of Cultural Internationalism in Japan (1987-2014)Jesse SargentAppendix: The JET Alumni AssociationChapter 19. New Actors of the post-Cold War World  (Europe, China, India): Towards a Genuine Globalization of Scholarship ProgramsLudovic TournèsConclusion: 150 Years of Scholarship Programs: Old Trends and New Prospects in the Global LandscpeGiles Scott-Smith and Ludovic TournèsSelected BibliographyWeb ResourcesIndex