Edited by Matthew S. Elliott, Ph.D., Associate Professor, Ness School of Management and Economics, South Dakota State University and Michael A. Boland, Ph.D., Professor of Agricultural Economics and the Koller Endowed Chairholder in Agribusiness Management and Information Technology, University of Minnesota, US

‘This Handbook is remarkable for the breadth and quality of its contributors. Kudos to the Editors for assembling such a comprehensive collection of chapters on cooperatives and mutuals theory, governance, and practice.’

• Contents:Introduction to the Handbook of Research on Cooperatives and Mutuals 1Matthew S. Elliott and Michael A. BolandPART I THEORY1 The economic theory of agricultural and consumer cooperatives 9Jeffrey S. Royer2 The new institutional economic theory of cooperatives: taking stock,looking ahead 22Matthew S. Elliott and Frayne OlsonPART II ORGANIZATION3 Organizational costs in agricultural cooperatives: comparison ofEuropean and US approaches 52Constantine Iliopoulos and Michael L. Cook4 New generation cooperatives: what we know and need to learn 83Jason Franken5 Cooperative business structures: access to capital via equity and credit 100Christopher J. KopkaPART III GOVERNANCE6 Social capital and governance of agricultural cooperatives 116Jerker Nilsson7 Leadership in agricultural cooperatives 135John L. Park, Diane B. Friend, Matthew T. Manley and Barry L. Boyd8 Measuring cooperative performance using organizational effectivenessand member participation 148Sanjib Bhuyan and Kostas Karantininis9 A framework for understanding the role of producers in governance ofsupply chains 166Michael A. Boland, Noreen Byrne, Bridget Carroll, Olive McCarthy, StephenPitts, and Will Secor10 The role of the farmer and their cooperative in supply chaingovernance: a Latin American small producer perspective 172Stephen Pitts11 The role of the farmer and their cooperative in supply chaingovernance: a US perspective 185Michael A. Boland and William Secor12 The role of the farmer and their cooperative in supply chaingovernance: an Irish perspective 193Bridget Carroll, Olive McCarthy, Noreen Byrne, Michael A. Boland andMichael WardPART IV CROSS-SECTOR APPLICATIONS13 Risk and uncertainty in cooperative business 208Frayne Olson and Matthew S. Elliott14 The role of the marketing year and its implications for business strategyand finance 229Michael A. Boland15 Towards a framework for formulating cooperative strategy 235Matthew S. Elliott, Frayne Olson, and Jasper Grashuis16 Profit distribution and financial performance in cooperative firms 252Phil Kenkel, Brian Briggeman, and Keri Jacobs17 The implications of taxation and tax policies for cooperatives and members 265Phil Kenkel, Keri Jacobs, and Brian Briggeman18 Capitalization, equity, and growth in cooperative firms 277Keri Jacobs, Phil Kenkel, and Brian BriggemanPART V SOCIAL, ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMIC IMPACTS19 Differential economic impacts for cooperative business structures: anapplication to farmer-owned cooperatives in New York State 292Todd M. Schmit, Frederick C. Tamarkin, and Roberta M. Severson20 Agricultural cooperatives and the transition to environmentallysustainable food systems 313Jos Bijman and Julia Höhler21 The development of cooperative-designed indicators for the SDGs 333Fiona Duguid and Daphne RixonPART VI REGIONAL AND CULTURAL FEATURES22 African American cooperatives: from economic survival to economic justice 355Jessica Gordon Nembhard23 Recent developments among dairy cooperatives in the European Union 371Julia Höhler and Jos Bijman24 Social relations and cooperative development in rural China 389Qian Wan, Eric Micheels, and Murray Fulton25 Farmer cooperatives in China: frontiers in development and research 408Qiao Liang and Ziming Han26 Agricultural cooperatives in Latin America: the case of dairy 424Alejandro Galetto and Gustavo Rossini27 Unique features of agricultural cooperatives in sub-Saharan Africa 442Nicola Francesconi, Fleur Wouterse, Michael L. Cook and Gashaw Abate TadessePART VII SPECIAL SECTORS AND TOPICS28 Consumer cooperatives: purpose and possibilities 456Zoë T. Plakias and Jason S. Entsminger29 Product innovation and promotion of value-added products viamarketing cooperatives 476Kristin Kiesel, Sean Kiely, and Rachael E. Goodhue30 Mutuals 496James M. White31 Worker cooperatives: solidarity at work 519Sonja Novkovic and Jessica Gordon Nembhard32 Multi-stakeholder cooperatives 533Sonja Novkovic and Margaret LundEpilogue: future directions on research and education on cooperatives and mutualism 551Matthew S. Elliott and Michael A. BolandIndex

Edited by Matthew S. Elliott, Ph.D., Associate Professor, Ness School of Management and Economics, South Dakota State University and Michael A. Boland, Ph.D., Professor of Agricultural Economics and the Koller Endowed Chairholder in Agribusiness Management and Information Technology, University of Minnesota, US

‘This Handbook is remarkable for the breadth and quality of its contributors. Kudos to the Editors for assembling such a comprehensive collection of chapters on cooperatives and mutuals theory, governance, and practice.’

• Contents:Introduction to the Handbook of Research on Cooperatives and Mutuals 1Matthew S. Elliott and Michael A. BolandPART I THEORY1 The economic theory of agricultural and consumer cooperatives 9Jeffrey S. Royer2 The new institutional economic theory of cooperatives: taking stock,looking ahead 22Matthew S. Elliott and Frayne OlsonPART II ORGANIZATION3 Organizational costs in agricultural cooperatives: comparison ofEuropean and US approaches 52Constantine Iliopoulos and Michael L. Cook4 New generation cooperatives: what we know and need to learn 83Jason Franken5 Cooperative business structures: access to capital via equity and credit 100Christopher J. KopkaPART III GOVERNANCE6 Social capital and governance of agricultural cooperatives 116Jerker Nilsson7 Leadership in agricultural cooperatives 135John L. Park, Diane B. Friend, Matthew T. Manley and Barry L. Boyd8 Measuring cooperative performance using organizational effectivenessand member participation 148Sanjib Bhuyan and Kostas Karantininis9 A framework for understanding the role of producers in governance ofsupply chains 166Michael A. Boland, Noreen Byrne, Bridget Carroll, Olive McCarthy, StephenPitts, and Will Secor10 The role of the farmer and their cooperative in supply chaingovernance: a Latin American small producer perspective 172Stephen Pitts11 The role of the farmer and their cooperative in supply chaingovernance: a US perspective 185Michael A. Boland and William Secor12 The role of the farmer and their cooperative in supply chaingovernance: an Irish perspective 193Bridget Carroll, Olive McCarthy, Noreen Byrne, Michael A. Boland andMichael WardPART IV CROSS-SECTOR APPLICATIONS13 Risk and uncertainty in cooperative business 208Frayne Olson and Matthew S. Elliott14 The role of the marketing year and its implications for business strategyand finance 229Michael A. Boland15 Towards a framework for formulating cooperative strategy 235Matthew S. Elliott, Frayne Olson, and Jasper Grashuis16 Profit distribution and financial performance in cooperative firms 252Phil Kenkel, Brian Briggeman, and Keri Jacobs17 The implications of taxation and tax policies for cooperatives and members 265Phil Kenkel, Keri Jacobs, and Brian Briggeman18 Capitalization, equity, and growth in cooperative firms 277Keri Jacobs, Phil Kenkel, and Brian BriggemanPART V SOCIAL, ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMIC IMPACTS19 Differential economic impacts for cooperative business structures: anapplication to farmer-owned cooperatives in New York State 292Todd M. Schmit, Frederick C. Tamarkin, and Roberta M. Severson20 Agricultural cooperatives and the transition to environmentallysustainable food systems 313Jos Bijman and Julia Höhler21 The development of cooperative-designed indicators for the SDGs 333Fiona Duguid and Daphne RixonPART VI REGIONAL AND CULTURAL FEATURES22 African American cooperatives: from economic survival to economic justice 355Jessica Gordon Nembhard23 Recent developments among dairy cooperatives in the European Union 371Julia Höhler and Jos Bijman24 Social relations and cooperative development in rural China 389Qian Wan, Eric Micheels, and Murray Fulton25 Farmer cooperatives in China: frontiers in development and research 408Qiao Liang and Ziming Han26 Agricultural cooperatives in Latin America: the case of dairy 424Alejandro Galetto and Gustavo Rossini27 Unique features of agricultural cooperatives in sub-Saharan Africa 442Nicola Francesconi, Fleur Wouterse, Michael L. Cook and Gashaw Abate TadessePART VII SPECIAL SECTORS AND TOPICS28 Consumer cooperatives: purpose and possibilities 456Zoë T. Plakias and Jason S. Entsminger29 Product innovation and promotion of value-added products viamarketing cooperatives 476Kristin Kiesel, Sean Kiely, and Rachael E. Goodhue30 Mutuals 496James M. White31 Worker cooperatives: solidarity at work 519Sonja Novkovic and Jessica Gordon Nembhard32 Multi-stakeholder cooperatives 533Sonja Novkovic and Margaret LundEpilogue: future directions on research and education on cooperatives and mutualism 551Matthew S. Elliott and Michael A. BolandIndex