Edited by Paul M. Pedersen, PhD, Professor of Sport Management, Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, Indiana University–Bloomington, US

‘Pedersen’s Research Handbook on Sport and COVID-19 presents a strong collection of scholarly works focused on COVID-19 as a disruptor of myriad aspects of the global sport industry. Each chapter contributes a variety of research methodologies, various contexts of sport, stakeholders, and locations,making this book ideal for a sport research class. A broad spectrum of the sport industry is presented in this book, making it a great resource as a supplementary text for introductory sport management courses. The authors of each chapter provide examples of innovation and creativity used to face the challenges imposed during the pandemic and postpandemic years which makes this book a great resource for sport industry practitioners as well.’

• Contents:1 Introduction to the Research Handbook on Sport and COVID-19 1Paul M. PedersenPART I SPORT MANAGEMENT2 Economics lessons from sports during the COVID-19 pandemic 8Carl Singleton, Alex Bryson, Peter Dolton, James Reade and Dominik Schreyer3 The impact of COVID-19 on amateur sport 18Grzegorz Kwiatkowski, Patxi León-Guereño, Ewa Malchrowicz-Mośko andArkaitz Castaneda Babarro4 The impact of COVID-19 on French sports federations 30Nicolas Delorme5 The impact of COVID-19 on the management of the sport media 44Hamid Ghasemi and Ryan Vooris6 Changing business models – how fitness centers reacted to COVID-19:the case study of a Polish fitness operator 54Julia Ziółkowska and Tomasz Taraszkiewicz7 The impact of COVID-19 on interscholastic athletics 66Tyler Ratts, Braden Norris, Brian Mancuso and Paul M. PedersenPART II SPORT COMMUNICATION8 De-globalization, de-commercialization, and semi-mediatization: theinfluence of COVID-19 on global sport communication 87Wei Wei and Li Siying9 Young audiences’ sports media repertoires and expectations towardssport coverage during COVID-19 98Daniel Nölleke10 The hard law of live: a case study on French sports channels during COVID-19 112Valérie Bonnet and Tyler Ratts11 Professional football clubs and associations under pressure: COVID-19as a precursor of structural change in European sport 124Jürgen Mittag and Jörg-Uwe Nieland12 Accelerating direct virtual public relations for sport organizationsthrough information subsidies during COVID-19 137Mark Dottori, Alex Sévigny and Norm O’ReillyPART III SPORT MARKETING13 Relationship marketing during COVID-19: strategies and processes ofcommunication in German and Austrian sports clubs 153Thomas Horky, Christof Seeger, Jörg-Uwe Nieland, Daniel Nölleke,Christiana Schallhorn and Philip Sinner14 Using consumption capital theory to analyze the impact of COVID-19on major and minor sports in Germany 165Andreas Hebbel-Seeger, Thomas Horky and Hermann A. Richter15 Who wants football back? Surveying fans in Brazil during COVID-19 177Ary José Rocco Junior, Thadeu Gasparetto, Marina Tranchitella, Luis FelipeMonteiro de Barros, Luiz Augusto Brum and Romulo Macedo16 The impact of COVID-19 on athlete branding 190Zack P. Pedersen, Antonio S. Williams and Ryan M. Brewer17 COVID-19 as a new chance for a sport league: motivation behindwatching Korea Baseball Organization games 202Minkyo Lee, Ju Young Lee, Jinwook Chung, Inae Oh and Choonghoon Lim18 The star and COVID-19: Serie A soccer celebrities and theself-narrative of contagion on social media 214Mario Tirino, Luca Bifulco and Simona CastellanoPART IV SPORT EVENTS19 The impact of COVID-19 on sports events, national federations, andorganizations in South Africa over a 16-month period 230David Maralack, Donovan Jurgens and Roger Woodruff20 Sport event pandemic risk management and what has been learned fromCOVID-19 245Kong-Ting Yeh, Tsu-Lin Yeh, and Nakibae Kitiseni21 Innovation in sport events during COVID-19 258Grzegorz Kwiatkowski, Christian Dragin-Jensen and Thomas Könecke22 Fourteen days: athletes’ media usage and stories in hard quarantineduring COVID-19 269Sam Duncan, Tim Breitbarth and Chris Bowers23 Sport management during COVID-19 in the Norwegian context 289Elsa KristiansenPART V SPORT STAKEHOLDERS24 COVID-19 and the Bundesliga: a study of digital fan engagementstrategies in professional soccer 300Laura Matz, Gashaw Abeza and David Wagner25 COVID-19 and the decline of volunteers in Australian communitysport: solutions to move forward 312Charles Mountifield and Stirling Sharpe26 An assessment of mood and anxiety in university athletes andnon-athletes during social mobility restrictions of COVID-19 328Oswaldo Ceballos Gurrola, Minerva Thalia Juno Vanegas Farfano, RamónErnesto Mendoza Baldenebro, Rosa Elena Medina Rodríguez, Luis TomásRódenas Cuenca, Jeanette M. López-Walle and José Tristán Rodríguez27 Between total loss and immunity: does the crisis resilience thesis proveits worth in times of COVID-19 in Germany? 337Norbert Schütte28 Parent hockey culture during “unsettled times”: COVID-19 and thehockey community 347Sandra M. Bucerius, Bryan Hogeveen, Brad W.R. Roberts and Albert H. VettePART VI SPORT AND SOCIETY29 The football segment of the sport industry and the first wave ofCOVID-19 in Italy: a conflict analysis 358Luca Bifulco30 From the stadiums to the consoles: the role of sports computer gamesduring COVID-19 374Ilan Tamir31 Social stratification patterns in physical activity and sports during COVID-19 384Jeroen Scheerder, Erik Thibaut, Veerle De Bosscher, Margot Ricour andAnnick Willem32 Sports betting and COVID-19 399Arif Yüce33 Sports activism during the COVID-19 pandemic era 414Orr Levental, Roy David Samuel and Yair Galily34 Utilizing critical ethnography to understand the impact of COVID-19on the structure of elite soccer in Korea 423Alex Gang, Kihan Kim, Sunghwan Byun and Paul M. PedersenIndex

Edited by Paul M. Pedersen, PhD, Professor of Sport Management, Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, Indiana University–Bloomington, US

‘Pedersen’s Research Handbook on Sport and COVID-19 presents a strong collection of scholarly works focused on COVID-19 as a disruptor of myriad aspects of the global sport industry. Each chapter contributes a variety of research methodologies, various contexts of sport, stakeholders, and locations,making this book ideal for a sport research class. A broad spectrum of the sport industry is presented in this book, making it a great resource as a supplementary text for introductory sport management courses. The authors of each chapter provide examples of innovation and creativity used to face the challenges imposed during the pandemic and postpandemic years which makes this book a great resource for sport industry practitioners as well.’

• Contents:1 Introduction to the Research Handbook on Sport and COVID-19 1Paul M. PedersenPART I SPORT MANAGEMENT2 Economics lessons from sports during the COVID-19 pandemic 8Carl Singleton, Alex Bryson, Peter Dolton, James Reade and Dominik Schreyer3 The impact of COVID-19 on amateur sport 18Grzegorz Kwiatkowski, Patxi León-Guereño, Ewa Malchrowicz-Mośko andArkaitz Castaneda Babarro4 The impact of COVID-19 on French sports federations 30Nicolas Delorme5 The impact of COVID-19 on the management of the sport media 44Hamid Ghasemi and Ryan Vooris6 Changing business models – how fitness centers reacted to COVID-19:the case study of a Polish fitness operator 54Julia Ziółkowska and Tomasz Taraszkiewicz7 The impact of COVID-19 on interscholastic athletics 66Tyler Ratts, Braden Norris, Brian Mancuso and Paul M. PedersenPART II SPORT COMMUNICATION8 De-globalization, de-commercialization, and semi-mediatization: theinfluence of COVID-19 on global sport communication 87Wei Wei and Li Siying9 Young audiences’ sports media repertoires and expectations towardssport coverage during COVID-19 98Daniel Nölleke10 The hard law of live: a case study on French sports channels during COVID-19 112Valérie Bonnet and Tyler Ratts11 Professional football clubs and associations under pressure: COVID-19as a precursor of structural change in European sport 124Jürgen Mittag and Jörg-Uwe Nieland12 Accelerating direct virtual public relations for sport organizationsthrough information subsidies during COVID-19 137Mark Dottori, Alex Sévigny and Norm O’ReillyPART III SPORT MARKETING13 Relationship marketing during COVID-19: strategies and processes ofcommunication in German and Austrian sports clubs 153Thomas Horky, Christof Seeger, Jörg-Uwe Nieland, Daniel Nölleke,Christiana Schallhorn and Philip Sinner14 Using consumption capital theory to analyze the impact of COVID-19on major and minor sports in Germany 165Andreas Hebbel-Seeger, Thomas Horky and Hermann A. Richter15 Who wants football back? Surveying fans in Brazil during COVID-19 177Ary José Rocco Junior, Thadeu Gasparetto, Marina Tranchitella, Luis FelipeMonteiro de Barros, Luiz Augusto Brum and Romulo Macedo16 The impact of COVID-19 on athlete branding 190Zack P. Pedersen, Antonio S. Williams and Ryan M. Brewer17 COVID-19 as a new chance for a sport league: motivation behindwatching Korea Baseball Organization games 202Minkyo Lee, Ju Young Lee, Jinwook Chung, Inae Oh and Choonghoon Lim18 The star and COVID-19: Serie A soccer celebrities and theself-narrative of contagion on social media 214Mario Tirino, Luca Bifulco and Simona CastellanoPART IV SPORT EVENTS19 The impact of COVID-19 on sports events, national federations, andorganizations in South Africa over a 16-month period 230David Maralack, Donovan Jurgens and Roger Woodruff20 Sport event pandemic risk management and what has been learned fromCOVID-19 245Kong-Ting Yeh, Tsu-Lin Yeh, and Nakibae Kitiseni21 Innovation in sport events during COVID-19 258Grzegorz Kwiatkowski, Christian Dragin-Jensen and Thomas Könecke22 Fourteen days: athletes’ media usage and stories in hard quarantineduring COVID-19 269Sam Duncan, Tim Breitbarth and Chris Bowers23 Sport management during COVID-19 in the Norwegian context 289Elsa KristiansenPART V SPORT STAKEHOLDERS24 COVID-19 and the Bundesliga: a study of digital fan engagementstrategies in professional soccer 300Laura Matz, Gashaw Abeza and David Wagner25 COVID-19 and the decline of volunteers in Australian communitysport: solutions to move forward 312Charles Mountifield and Stirling Sharpe26 An assessment of mood and anxiety in university athletes andnon-athletes during social mobility restrictions of COVID-19 328Oswaldo Ceballos Gurrola, Minerva Thalia Juno Vanegas Farfano, RamónErnesto Mendoza Baldenebro, Rosa Elena Medina Rodríguez, Luis TomásRódenas Cuenca, Jeanette M. López-Walle and José Tristán Rodríguez27 Between total loss and immunity: does the crisis resilience thesis proveits worth in times of COVID-19 in Germany? 337Norbert Schütte28 Parent hockey culture during “unsettled times”: COVID-19 and thehockey community 347Sandra M. Bucerius, Bryan Hogeveen, Brad W.R. Roberts and Albert H. VettePART VI SPORT AND SOCIETY29 The football segment of the sport industry and the first wave ofCOVID-19 in Italy: a conflict analysis 358Luca Bifulco30 From the stadiums to the consoles: the role of sports computer gamesduring COVID-19 374Ilan Tamir31 Social stratification patterns in physical activity and sports during COVID-19 384Jeroen Scheerder, Erik Thibaut, Veerle De Bosscher, Margot Ricour andAnnick Willem32 Sports betting and COVID-19 399Arif Yüce33 Sports activism during the COVID-19 pandemic era 414Orr Levental, Roy David Samuel and Yair Galily34 Utilizing critical ethnography to understand the impact of COVID-19on the structure of elite soccer in Korea 423Alex Gang, Kihan Kim, Sunghwan Byun and Paul M. PedersenIndex

Edited by Paul M. Pedersen, PhD, Professor of Sport Management, Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, Indiana University–Bloomington, US

‘Pedersen’s Research Handbook on Sport and COVID-19 presents a strong collection of scholarly works focused on COVID-19 as a disruptor of myriad aspects of the global sport industry. Each chapter contributes a variety of research methodologies, various contexts of sport, stakeholders, and locations,making this book ideal for a sport research class. A broad spectrum of the sport industry is presented in this book, making it a great resource as a supplementary text for introductory sport management courses. The authors of each chapter provide examples of innovation and creativity used to face the challenges imposed during the pandemic and postpandemic years which makes this book a great resource for sport industry practitioners as well.’

• Contents:1 Introduction to the Research Handbook on Sport and COVID-19 1Paul M. PedersenPART I SPORT MANAGEMENT2 Economics lessons from sports during the COVID-19 pandemic 8Carl Singleton, Alex Bryson, Peter Dolton, James Reade and Dominik Schreyer3 The impact of COVID-19 on amateur sport 18Grzegorz Kwiatkowski, Patxi León-Guereño, Ewa Malchrowicz-Mośko andArkaitz Castaneda Babarro4 The impact of COVID-19 on French sports federations 30Nicolas Delorme5 The impact of COVID-19 on the management of the sport media 44Hamid Ghasemi and Ryan Vooris6 Changing business models – how fitness centers reacted to COVID-19:the case study of a Polish fitness operator 54Julia Ziółkowska and Tomasz Taraszkiewicz7 The impact of COVID-19 on interscholastic athletics 66Tyler Ratts, Braden Norris, Brian Mancuso and Paul M. PedersenPART II SPORT COMMUNICATION8 De-globalization, de-commercialization, and semi-mediatization: theinfluence of COVID-19 on global sport communication 87Wei Wei and Li Siying9 Young audiences’ sports media repertoires and expectations towardssport coverage during COVID-19 98Daniel Nölleke10 The hard law of live: a case study on French sports channels during COVID-19 112Valérie Bonnet and Tyler Ratts11 Professional football clubs and associations under pressure: COVID-19as a precursor of structural change in European sport 124Jürgen Mittag and Jörg-Uwe Nieland12 Accelerating direct virtual public relations for sport organizationsthrough information subsidies during COVID-19 137Mark Dottori, Alex Sévigny and Norm O’ReillyPART III SPORT MARKETING13 Relationship marketing during COVID-19: strategies and processes ofcommunication in German and Austrian sports clubs 153Thomas Horky, Christof Seeger, Jörg-Uwe Nieland, Daniel Nölleke,Christiana Schallhorn and Philip Sinner14 Using consumption capital theory to analyze the impact of COVID-19on major and minor sports in Germany 165Andreas Hebbel-Seeger, Thomas Horky and Hermann A. Richter15 Who wants football back? Surveying fans in Brazil during COVID-19 177Ary José Rocco Junior, Thadeu Gasparetto, Marina Tranchitella, Luis FelipeMonteiro de Barros, Luiz Augusto Brum and Romulo Macedo16 The impact of COVID-19 on athlete branding 190Zack P. Pedersen, Antonio S. Williams and Ryan M. Brewer17 COVID-19 as a new chance for a sport league: motivation behindwatching Korea Baseball Organization games 202Minkyo Lee, Ju Young Lee, Jinwook Chung, Inae Oh and Choonghoon Lim18 The star and COVID-19: Serie A soccer celebrities and theself-narrative of contagion on social media 214Mario Tirino, Luca Bifulco and Simona CastellanoPART IV SPORT EVENTS19 The impact of COVID-19 on sports events, national federations, andorganizations in South Africa over a 16-month period 230David Maralack, Donovan Jurgens and Roger Woodruff20 Sport event pandemic risk management and what has been learned fromCOVID-19 245Kong-Ting Yeh, Tsu-Lin Yeh, and Nakibae Kitiseni21 Innovation in sport events during COVID-19 258Grzegorz Kwiatkowski, Christian Dragin-Jensen and Thomas Könecke22 Fourteen days: athletes’ media usage and stories in hard quarantineduring COVID-19 269Sam Duncan, Tim Breitbarth and Chris Bowers23 Sport management during COVID-19 in the Norwegian context 289Elsa KristiansenPART V SPORT STAKEHOLDERS24 COVID-19 and the Bundesliga: a study of digital fan engagementstrategies in professional soccer 300Laura Matz, Gashaw Abeza and David Wagner25 COVID-19 and the decline of volunteers in Australian communitysport: solutions to move forward 312Charles Mountifield and Stirling Sharpe26 An assessment of mood and anxiety in university athletes andnon-athletes during social mobility restrictions of COVID-19 328Oswaldo Ceballos Gurrola, Minerva Thalia Juno Vanegas Farfano, RamónErnesto Mendoza Baldenebro, Rosa Elena Medina Rodríguez, Luis TomásRódenas Cuenca, Jeanette M. López-Walle and José Tristán Rodríguez27 Between total loss and immunity: does the crisis resilience thesis proveits worth in times of COVID-19 in Germany? 337Norbert Schütte28 Parent hockey culture during “unsettled times”: COVID-19 and thehockey community 347Sandra M. Bucerius, Bryan Hogeveen, Brad W.R. Roberts and Albert H. VettePART VI SPORT AND SOCIETY29 The football segment of the sport industry and the first wave ofCOVID-19 in Italy: a conflict analysis 358Luca Bifulco30 From the stadiums to the consoles: the role of sports computer gamesduring COVID-19 374Ilan Tamir31 Social stratification patterns in physical activity and sports during COVID-19 384Jeroen Scheerder, Erik Thibaut, Veerle De Bosscher, Margot Ricour andAnnick Willem32 Sports betting and COVID-19 399Arif Yüce33 Sports activism during the COVID-19 pandemic era 414Orr Levental, Roy David Samuel and Yair Galily34 Utilizing critical ethnography to understand the impact of COVID-19on the structure of elite soccer in Korea 423Alex Gang, Kihan Kim, Sunghwan Byun and Paul M. PedersenIndex