Anthony J. Frendo is a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of London, and Emeritus Professor of Near Eastern Archaeology and the Hebrew Bible as well as Senior Fellow of the University of Malta. He has degrees in Philosophy, Theology, Near Eastern Studies, Biblical Exegesis, and holds a PhD in Biblical Archaeology from University College, University of London. He is the author of two books (Pre-Exilic Israel, the Hebrew Bible, and Archaeology: Integrating Text and Artefact, 2011, and Approaching Biblical Archaeology, 2021) as well as numerous articles, book chapters, and reviews. He was a Visiting Scholar at Sede Boqer in the Negev, Israel, besides having been twice elected Visiting Scholar at Wolfson College, Oxford.

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• PrefaceChapter 1. IntroductionChapter 2. The Phoenicians: Who are They?Chapter 3. The Hallmarks of Writing and Reading in Antiquity: Prose and VerseChapter 4. Verse in the Levant: Classical HebrewChapter 5. Basic Principles of Interpretation: General and Phoenician-SpecificChapter 6. Context as the Indispensable Criterion of Interpretation: The Case of CIS I, 123 and 123 bisStela of Milk-Ba‘alStela of an offering instead of an infantStela of a sacrifice consisting of an infantStela of a sacrifice of a lordStela of a (human) sacrifice of one making (it)Stela of a sacrifice to Ba‘al (literally ‘of a sacrifice of Ba‘al’)Stela of one sacrificed to Ba‘al (literally ‘of a sacrificed one of Ba‘al’)Chapter 7. Reading and Interpreting Phoenician Verse: The Tal-Virtù PapyrusChapter 8. ConclusionsBibliographyIndex

Anthony J. Frendo is a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of London, and Emeritus Professor of Near Eastern Archaeology and the Hebrew Bible as well as Senior Fellow of the University of Malta. He has degrees in Philosophy, Theology, Near Eastern Studies, Biblical Exegesis, and holds a PhD in Biblical Archaeology from University College, University of London. He is the author of two books (Pre-Exilic Israel, the Hebrew Bible, and Archaeology: Integrating Text and Artefact, 2011, and Approaching Biblical Archaeology, 2021) as well as numerous articles, book chapters, and reviews. He was a Visiting Scholar at Sede Boqer in the Negev, Israel, besides having been twice elected Visiting Scholar at Wolfson College, Oxford.

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• PrefaceChapter 1. IntroductionChapter 2. The Phoenicians: Who are They?Chapter 3. The Hallmarks of Writing and Reading in Antiquity: Prose and VerseChapter 4. Verse in the Levant: Classical HebrewChapter 5. Basic Principles of Interpretation: General and Phoenician-SpecificChapter 6. Context as the Indispensable Criterion of Interpretation: The Case of CIS I, 123 and 123 bisStela of Milk-Ba‘alStela of an offering instead of an infantStela of a sacrifice consisting of an infantStela of a sacrifice of a lordStela of a (human) sacrifice of one making (it)Stela of a sacrifice to Ba‘al (literally ‘of a sacrifice of Ba‘al’)Stela of one sacrificed to Ba‘al (literally ‘of a sacrificed one of Ba‘al’)Chapter 7. Reading and Interpreting Phoenician Verse: The Tal-Virtù PapyrusChapter 8. ConclusionsBibliographyIndex

Anthony J. Frendo is a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of London, and Emeritus Professor of Near Eastern Archaeology and the Hebrew Bible as well as Senior Fellow of the University of Malta. He has degrees in Philosophy, Theology, Near Eastern Studies, Biblical Exegesis, and holds a PhD in Biblical Archaeology from University College, University of London. He is the author of two books (Pre-Exilic Israel, the Hebrew Bible, and Archaeology: Integrating Text and Artefact, 2011, and Approaching Biblical Archaeology, 2021) as well as numerous articles, book chapters, and reviews. He was a Visiting Scholar at Sede Boqer in the Negev, Israel, besides having been twice elected Visiting Scholar at Wolfson College, Oxford.

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• PrefaceChapter 1. IntroductionChapter 2. The Phoenicians: Who are They?Chapter 3. The Hallmarks of Writing and Reading in Antiquity: Prose and VerseChapter 4. Verse in the Levant: Classical HebrewChapter 5. Basic Principles of Interpretation: General and Phoenician-SpecificChapter 6. Context as the Indispensable Criterion of Interpretation: The Case of CIS I, 123 and 123 bisStela of Milk-Ba‘alStela of an offering instead of an infantStela of a sacrifice consisting of an infantStela of a sacrifice of a lordStela of a (human) sacrifice of one making (it)Stela of a sacrifice to Ba‘al (literally ‘of a sacrifice of Ba‘al’)Stela of one sacrificed to Ba‘al (literally ‘of a sacrificed one of Ba‘al’)Chapter 7. Reading and Interpreting Phoenician Verse: The Tal-Virtù PapyrusChapter 8. ConclusionsBibliographyIndex