Maximilian Hess is a writer and the founder of the political risk consultancy Enmetena Advisory. He is also a fellow at the Foreign Policy Research Institute and an associate Russia and Eurasia fellow at the International Institute for Strategic Studies. Max lives in London with his beloved Airedale terrier, Koba.

'Hess examines how Russia’s response to the west’s economic sanctions following the first invasion of Ukraine in 2014 helped to set the stage for [the current] conflict.'

• Introduction PART I: 2013–21 1. Bond of War 2. The West Fights Back 3. Russia Under Sanctions 4. Gaseous Interdependence 5. The Erdoğan Factor 6. Eurasian Economic Disunion 7. Visions of Gold and Africa 8. Russia’s Caracas Cache 9. Putin’s Pivot to Asia 10. Beijing as Big Brother 11. Middle Eastern Power Plays PART II: 2022 12. The Economic War in Ukraine 13. The West’s Economic War Against Russia 14. Russia Adrift 15. Russia’s Ripostes and Commodities Clashes 16. Europe Adrift 17. Oil and Gas War Goes Global 18. The Inflation Weapon Conclusion Notes Bibliography Acknowledgements Index

Maximilian Hess is a writer and the founder of the political risk consultancy Enmetena Advisory. He is also a fellow at the Foreign Policy Research Institute and an associate Russia and Eurasia fellow at the International Institute for Strategic Studies. Max lives in London with his beloved Airedale terrier, Koba.

'Hess examines how Russia’s response to the west’s economic sanctions following the first invasion of Ukraine in 2014 helped to set the stage for [the current] conflict.'

• Introduction PART I: 2013–21 1. Bond of War 2. The West Fights Back 3. Russia Under Sanctions 4. Gaseous Interdependence 5. The Erdoğan Factor 6. Eurasian Economic Disunion 7. Visions of Gold and Africa 8. Russia’s Caracas Cache 9. Putin’s Pivot to Asia 10. Beijing as Big Brother 11. Middle Eastern Power Plays PART II: 2022 12. The Economic War in Ukraine 13. The West’s Economic War Against Russia 14. Russia Adrift 15. Russia’s Ripostes and Commodities Clashes 16. Europe Adrift 17. Oil and Gas War Goes Global 18. The Inflation Weapon Conclusion Notes Bibliography Acknowledgements Index

Maximilian Hess is a writer and the founder of the political risk consultancy Enmetena Advisory. He is also a fellow at the Foreign Policy Research Institute and an associate Russia and Eurasia fellow at the International Institute for Strategic Studies. Max lives in London with his beloved Airedale terrier, Koba.

'Hess examines how Russia’s response to the west’s economic sanctions following the first invasion of Ukraine in 2014 helped to set the stage for [the current] conflict.'

• Introduction PART I: 2013–21 1. Bond of War 2. The West Fights Back 3. Russia Under Sanctions 4. Gaseous Interdependence 5. The Erdoğan Factor 6. Eurasian Economic Disunion 7. Visions of Gold and Africa 8. Russia’s Caracas Cache 9. Putin’s Pivot to Asia 10. Beijing as Big Brother 11. Middle Eastern Power Plays PART II: 2022 12. The Economic War in Ukraine 13. The West’s Economic War Against Russia 14. Russia Adrift 15. Russia’s Ripostes and Commodities Clashes 16. Europe Adrift 17. Oil and Gas War Goes Global 18. The Inflation Weapon Conclusion Notes Bibliography Acknowledgements Index