Edited by Marina Novelli, Professor of Tourism and International Development, School of Business and Law, University of Brighton, UK, Joseph M. Cheer, Professor of Sustainable Tourism and Heritage, School of Social Sciences, Western Sydney University, Australia, Claudia Dolezal, Senior Lecturer and Researcher, Institute of Tourism, Wine Business and Marketing, IMC University of Applied Sciences, Austria, Adam Jones, Principal Lecturer of Strategy and Enterprise, School of Business and Law, University of Brighton, UK and Claudio Milano, Adjunct Professor, Department of Social and Cultural Anthropology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Spain

‘Tourism is now more dynamic than ever across markets and products globally as we move beyond disruptions. While the context has changed, the opportunities are many. This Handbook is not only a vital contribution to our understanding of tourism nuances, but a motivator for renewed creativity and innovation. Whether reading individual chapters or from cover to cover, this is not only a key contribution to our understanding of niche tourism, but also a call to action with relevant forward-focused insights.’

• Contents:Introduction to niche tourism – contemporary trends and development xxiiiMarina Novelli, Joseph M. Cheer, Claudia Dolezal, Adam Jones and Claudio MilanoPART I NATURE-BASED TOURISM1 Astro-tourism in the Czech–Polish Izera Dark Sky Park 2Grzegorz Iwanicki2 Glacier tourism and climate change in Switzerland 14Emmanuel Salim3 Architourism in nature areas: a ‘Bilbao effect’ in the bush? 25Ben Wielenga, Stefan Hartman and Jasper Hessel Heslinga4 Conservation tourism in Pangatalan island, Palawan UNESCOBiosphere Reserve 38Cristina Abreu, Frédéric Tardieu and António D. Abreu5 Urban ecotourism and regime altering in Denmark 49Jane Widtfeldt Meged and Jesper Holm6 In focus 1 – geocaching tourism in Poland 65Joanna KosmaczewskaPART II RURAL TOURISM7 Experiential tea tourism in Asia 69Lee Jolliffe8 Agritourism and the Prosecco Route of Italy 84Marta Soligo9 Culinary tourism: artichoke from land to table in Spain 99Francesc Fusté-Forné10 Astro-tourism in Portugal’s rural areas 111Áurea Rodrigues and Helena Reis11 Rural festival and event tourism in Albania 124Enrico Porfido12 In focus 2 – Koh Phi Phi Thailand: an icon of backpacker culture,victim of film tourism and devastated by crisis 140Faye TaylorPART III HERITAGE AND CULTURE-BASED TOURISM13 Personal heritage tourism 144Heather Kennedy-Eden and Ulrike Gretzel14 Communist heritage tourism in Poland 158Robert Pawlusiński, Joanna Kowalczyk-Anioł and MagdalenaKubal-Czerwińska15 Railways and niche tourism developments in Brazil 172Carla Fraga16 Industrial tourism and ceramics-led tourism in Stoke-on-Trent, UK 186Paul Williams17 ‘Escape rooms’ and cultural tourism in Poland 200Andrzej Stasiak18 Language tourism 218Montserrat Iglesias19 In focus 3 – contemporary arts tourism in West Africa 232Marina Novelli, Maria Pia Bernardoni and Clive AllansoPART IV DARK TOURISM20 Battlefield tourism: the legacy of Sandakan in Malaysian Borneo 236Balvinder Kaur Kler and Cassie Perpetua Forsythe21 Cold War Museum in Lithuania 250Rasa Pranskūnienė and Viltė Kriščiūnaitė22 Cemetery tourism in Slovenia 262Lea Kužnik and Tanja Ostrman Renault23 In focus 4 – fine dining in a prison: The Clink restaurants in the UK 278Alison McIntosh, Maria Gebbels and Tracy HarkisonPART V SPIRITUAL, RELIGIOUS AND WELLNESS TOURISM24 Faith, new age spirituality and religious tourism 282Daniel H. Olsen25 Babymoon travel in India 300Senthilkumaran Piramanayagam and Partho Pratim Seal26 Pilgrimage tourism and the Shugendō programs in Japan 316Ricardo Nicolas Progano27 In focus 5 – religious tourism in the urban setting of Varanasi in India 328K Thirumaran, Simona Azzali, Zilmiyah Kamble, Yash Prabhugaonkar andManisha AgarwalPART VI SOCIAL AND INCLUSIVE TOURISM28 Social tourism in Brazil 332Ernest Cañada29 Developmentourism and school tours in Zimbabwe 345Kathleen Smithers and Joanne Ailwood30 Gay tourism and sustainable rainbow tourist destinations 357Fabio Corbisiero and Salvatore Monaco31 The ‘albergo diffuso’ and tourism revitalization in Southern Italy 371Dionisia Russo Krauss32 In focus 6 – the ‘Wasteland – Graced Land’ story of Melkhoutfontein,South Africa 383Anthea RossouwPART VII LATEST DEVELOPMENTS IN NICHE TOURISM33 South Korean ‘one-month stay’ travellers 388Jaeyeon Choe34 Unseen Tours’ virtual ‘Not-in-a-Pub’ quizzes: social inclusion andempowerment in times of COVID-19 401Claudia Dolezal, Jayni Gudka and Dominic Lapointe35 In focus 7 – hot air ballooning in the Czech Republic 422Markéta Novotná and Josef Kunc36 In focus 8 – flights to nowhere 425Martine BakkerIndex 427

Edited by Marina Novelli, Professor of Tourism and International Development, School of Business and Law, University of Brighton, UK, Joseph M. Cheer, Professor of Sustainable Tourism and Heritage, School of Social Sciences, Western Sydney University, Australia, Claudia Dolezal, Senior Lecturer and Researcher, Institute of Tourism, Wine Business and Marketing, IMC University of Applied Sciences, Austria, Adam Jones, Principal Lecturer of Strategy and Enterprise, School of Business and Law, University of Brighton, UK and Claudio Milano, Adjunct Professor, Department of Social and Cultural Anthropology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Spain

‘Tourism is now more dynamic than ever across markets and products globally as we move beyond disruptions. While the context has changed, the opportunities are many. This Handbook is not only a vital contribution to our understanding of tourism nuances, but a motivator for renewed creativity and innovation. Whether reading individual chapters or from cover to cover, this is not only a key contribution to our understanding of niche tourism, but also a call to action with relevant forward-focused insights.’

• Contents:Introduction to niche tourism – contemporary trends and development xxiiiMarina Novelli, Joseph M. Cheer, Claudia Dolezal, Adam Jones and Claudio MilanoPART I NATURE-BASED TOURISM1 Astro-tourism in the Czech–Polish Izera Dark Sky Park 2Grzegorz Iwanicki2 Glacier tourism and climate change in Switzerland 14Emmanuel Salim3 Architourism in nature areas: a ‘Bilbao effect’ in the bush? 25Ben Wielenga, Stefan Hartman and Jasper Hessel Heslinga4 Conservation tourism in Pangatalan island, Palawan UNESCOBiosphere Reserve 38Cristina Abreu, Frédéric Tardieu and António D. Abreu5 Urban ecotourism and regime altering in Denmark 49Jane Widtfeldt Meged and Jesper Holm6 In focus 1 – geocaching tourism in Poland 65Joanna KosmaczewskaPART II RURAL TOURISM7 Experiential tea tourism in Asia 69Lee Jolliffe8 Agritourism and the Prosecco Route of Italy 84Marta Soligo9 Culinary tourism: artichoke from land to table in Spain 99Francesc Fusté-Forné10 Astro-tourism in Portugal’s rural areas 111Áurea Rodrigues and Helena Reis11 Rural festival and event tourism in Albania 124Enrico Porfido12 In focus 2 – Koh Phi Phi Thailand: an icon of backpacker culture,victim of film tourism and devastated by crisis 140Faye TaylorPART III HERITAGE AND CULTURE-BASED TOURISM13 Personal heritage tourism 144Heather Kennedy-Eden and Ulrike Gretzel14 Communist heritage tourism in Poland 158Robert Pawlusiński, Joanna Kowalczyk-Anioł and MagdalenaKubal-Czerwińska15 Railways and niche tourism developments in Brazil 172Carla Fraga16 Industrial tourism and ceramics-led tourism in Stoke-on-Trent, UK 186Paul Williams17 ‘Escape rooms’ and cultural tourism in Poland 200Andrzej Stasiak18 Language tourism 218Montserrat Iglesias19 In focus 3 – contemporary arts tourism in West Africa 232Marina Novelli, Maria Pia Bernardoni and Clive AllansoPART IV DARK TOURISM20 Battlefield tourism: the legacy of Sandakan in Malaysian Borneo 236Balvinder Kaur Kler and Cassie Perpetua Forsythe21 Cold War Museum in Lithuania 250Rasa Pranskūnienė and Viltė Kriščiūnaitė22 Cemetery tourism in Slovenia 262Lea Kužnik and Tanja Ostrman Renault23 In focus 4 – fine dining in a prison: The Clink restaurants in the UK 278Alison McIntosh, Maria Gebbels and Tracy HarkisonPART V SPIRITUAL, RELIGIOUS AND WELLNESS TOURISM24 Faith, new age spirituality and religious tourism 282Daniel H. Olsen25 Babymoon travel in India 300Senthilkumaran Piramanayagam and Partho Pratim Seal26 Pilgrimage tourism and the Shugendō programs in Japan 316Ricardo Nicolas Progano27 In focus 5 – religious tourism in the urban setting of Varanasi in India 328K Thirumaran, Simona Azzali, Zilmiyah Kamble, Yash Prabhugaonkar andManisha AgarwalPART VI SOCIAL AND INCLUSIVE TOURISM28 Social tourism in Brazil 332Ernest Cañada29 Developmentourism and school tours in Zimbabwe 345Kathleen Smithers and Joanne Ailwood30 Gay tourism and sustainable rainbow tourist destinations 357Fabio Corbisiero and Salvatore Monaco31 The ‘albergo diffuso’ and tourism revitalization in Southern Italy 371Dionisia Russo Krauss32 In focus 6 – the ‘Wasteland – Graced Land’ story of Melkhoutfontein,South Africa 383Anthea RossouwPART VII LATEST DEVELOPMENTS IN NICHE TOURISM33 South Korean ‘one-month stay’ travellers 388Jaeyeon Choe34 Unseen Tours’ virtual ‘Not-in-a-Pub’ quizzes: social inclusion andempowerment in times of COVID-19 401Claudia Dolezal, Jayni Gudka and Dominic Lapointe35 In focus 7 – hot air ballooning in the Czech Republic 422Markéta Novotná and Josef Kunc36 In focus 8 – flights to nowhere 425Martine BakkerIndex 427

Edited by Marina Novelli, Professor of Tourism and International Development, School of Business and Law, University of Brighton, UK, Joseph M. Cheer, Professor of Sustainable Tourism and Heritage, School of Social Sciences, Western Sydney University, Australia, Claudia Dolezal, Senior Lecturer and Researcher, Institute of Tourism, Wine Business and Marketing, IMC University of Applied Sciences, Austria, Adam Jones, Principal Lecturer of Strategy and Enterprise, School of Business and Law, University of Brighton, UK and Claudio Milano, Adjunct Professor, Department of Social and Cultural Anthropology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Spain

‘Tourism is now more dynamic than ever across markets and products globally as we move beyond disruptions. While the context has changed, the opportunities are many. This Handbook is not only a vital contribution to our understanding of tourism nuances, but a motivator for renewed creativity and innovation. Whether reading individual chapters or from cover to cover, this is not only a key contribution to our understanding of niche tourism, but also a call to action with relevant forward-focused insights.’

• Contents:Introduction to niche tourism – contemporary trends and development xxiiiMarina Novelli, Joseph M. Cheer, Claudia Dolezal, Adam Jones and Claudio MilanoPART I NATURE-BASED TOURISM1 Astro-tourism in the Czech–Polish Izera Dark Sky Park 2Grzegorz Iwanicki2 Glacier tourism and climate change in Switzerland 14Emmanuel Salim3 Architourism in nature areas: a ‘Bilbao effect’ in the bush? 25Ben Wielenga, Stefan Hartman and Jasper Hessel Heslinga4 Conservation tourism in Pangatalan island, Palawan UNESCOBiosphere Reserve 38Cristina Abreu, Frédéric Tardieu and António D. Abreu5 Urban ecotourism and regime altering in Denmark 49Jane Widtfeldt Meged and Jesper Holm6 In focus 1 – geocaching tourism in Poland 65Joanna KosmaczewskaPART II RURAL TOURISM7 Experiential tea tourism in Asia 69Lee Jolliffe8 Agritourism and the Prosecco Route of Italy 84Marta Soligo9 Culinary tourism: artichoke from land to table in Spain 99Francesc Fusté-Forné10 Astro-tourism in Portugal’s rural areas 111Áurea Rodrigues and Helena Reis11 Rural festival and event tourism in Albania 124Enrico Porfido12 In focus 2 – Koh Phi Phi Thailand: an icon of backpacker culture,victim of film tourism and devastated by crisis 140Faye TaylorPART III HERITAGE AND CULTURE-BASED TOURISM13 Personal heritage tourism 144Heather Kennedy-Eden and Ulrike Gretzel14 Communist heritage tourism in Poland 158Robert Pawlusiński, Joanna Kowalczyk-Anioł and MagdalenaKubal-Czerwińska15 Railways and niche tourism developments in Brazil 172Carla Fraga16 Industrial tourism and ceramics-led tourism in Stoke-on-Trent, UK 186Paul Williams17 ‘Escape rooms’ and cultural tourism in Poland 200Andrzej Stasiak18 Language tourism 218Montserrat Iglesias19 In focus 3 – contemporary arts tourism in West Africa 232Marina Novelli, Maria Pia Bernardoni and Clive AllansoPART IV DARK TOURISM20 Battlefield tourism: the legacy of Sandakan in Malaysian Borneo 236Balvinder Kaur Kler and Cassie Perpetua Forsythe21 Cold War Museum in Lithuania 250Rasa Pranskūnienė and Viltė Kriščiūnaitė22 Cemetery tourism in Slovenia 262Lea Kužnik and Tanja Ostrman Renault23 In focus 4 – fine dining in a prison: The Clink restaurants in the UK 278Alison McIntosh, Maria Gebbels and Tracy HarkisonPART V SPIRITUAL, RELIGIOUS AND WELLNESS TOURISM24 Faith, new age spirituality and religious tourism 282Daniel H. Olsen25 Babymoon travel in India 300Senthilkumaran Piramanayagam and Partho Pratim Seal26 Pilgrimage tourism and the Shugendō programs in Japan 316Ricardo Nicolas Progano27 In focus 5 – religious tourism in the urban setting of Varanasi in India 328K Thirumaran, Simona Azzali, Zilmiyah Kamble, Yash Prabhugaonkar andManisha AgarwalPART VI SOCIAL AND INCLUSIVE TOURISM28 Social tourism in Brazil 332Ernest Cañada29 Developmentourism and school tours in Zimbabwe 345Kathleen Smithers and Joanne Ailwood30 Gay tourism and sustainable rainbow tourist destinations 357Fabio Corbisiero and Salvatore Monaco31 The ‘albergo diffuso’ and tourism revitalization in Southern Italy 371Dionisia Russo Krauss32 In focus 6 – the ‘Wasteland – Graced Land’ story of Melkhoutfontein,South Africa 383Anthea RossouwPART VII LATEST DEVELOPMENTS IN NICHE TOURISM33 South Korean ‘one-month stay’ travellers 388Jaeyeon Choe34 Unseen Tours’ virtual ‘Not-in-a-Pub’ quizzes: social inclusion andempowerment in times of COVID-19 401Claudia Dolezal, Jayni Gudka and Dominic Lapointe35 In focus 7 – hot air ballooning in the Czech Republic 422Markéta Novotná and Josef Kunc36 In focus 8 – flights to nowhere 425Martine BakkerIndex 427