Edited by Joseph E. Mbaiwa, Professor of Tourism Studies, Oluwatoyin D. Kolawole, Professor of Rural Development, Okavango Research Institute, University of Botswana, Wame L. Hambira, Associate Professor of Environmental Management, Botswana University of Agriculture and Natural Resources and Emmanuel Mogende, Lecturer of Natural Resource Governance, Department of Environmental Science, University of Botswana, Botswana

• Contents:1 Introduction to the Handbook on Tourism and Conservation 1Oluwatoyin D. Kolawole, Joseph E. Mbaiwa, Wame L. Hambira, andEmmanuel MogendePART I TOURISM AND CONSERVATION IN PROTECTED AREAS2 Tourism and conservation in protected areas: on collective efficacy 10Jabulile Happyness Mzimela and Inocent Moyo3 The prospects of forest-based tourism for marginalised communities 25Joyce Lepetu, Gofaone Rammotokara and Hesekia Garekae4 Human–elephant conflict: implications for rural livelihoods and wildlifeconservation 37Kenalekgosi Gontse, Joseph E. Mbaiwa and Olekae T. Thakadu5 Residents’ perception of ecotourism development at Tachila NatureReserve, North-East District, Botswana 54Joseph E. Mbaiwa and Unabo TafaPART II TOURISM AND CLIMATE CHANGE6 Tourism and climate change adaptation in protected areas 73Kaarina Tervo-Kankare7 Tourism and climate change vulnerabilities: a focus on African destinations 86Kaitano Dube8 Tourism and climate change: consequences, adaptation and mitigation 101Esraa A. El-Masry9 Evaluating climate change communication for sustainableenvironmental conservation in the tourism sector 115Sharon Tshipa and Olekae T. Thakadu10 Perspectives on the effects of environmental change in northernBotswana and its implications for CBNRM 130Maduo Mpolokang and Jeremy PerkinsPART III SUSTAINABLE AGRITOURISM11 Potentials and challenges of sustainable agritourism in Fortín, Veracruz,Mexico 147Karina Nicole Pérez-Olmos, Noé Aguilar-Rivera and Carlos EnriqueVillanueva-González12 ‘Negotiating with the juggernaut’: on agritourism and the paradoxes ofmarket-driven conservation 164Mikael Andéhn and Patrick J. N. L’Espoir Decosta13 Micro and small-scale culture-based tourism initiatives as a livelihoodoption for rural women in Kenya 176Rita Wairimu Nthiga and Beatrice H. O. Ohutso Imbaya14 Environmental impact of rural tourism 189Gondo Reniko and Oluwatoyin D. Kolawole15 Towards agritourism development in Zimbabwe: growth potential,benefits and challenges 204Rudorwashe Baipai, Oliver Chikuta, Edson Gandiwa and Chiedza N. MutangaPART IV DESTINATION COMMUNITIES AND NATURALRESOURCES CONSERVATION16 Commodification of nature and territorialization: conservation, localcommunities and Botswana’s international cooperation 223Kekgaoditse Suping17 Community-based natural resources management and poverty reduction 237Israel R. Blackie18 Information communication technologies and community-basedtourism organisations 249Siamisang Sehuhula19 Assessing the role of the central government and communities inalleviating poverty through ecotourism 263Thekiso Molokwane and Agnes Tshepo Nkone20 Sense of place and tourism in cultural landscapes 278Joseph E. Mbaiwa and Gladys B. Siphambe21 Co-management of world heritage sites for community benefit 299Olekae T. Thakadu, Wame L. Hambira, Gaseitsiwe Smollie Masunga, BarbaraN. Ngwenya, Abigail Lillian Engleton, Dandy Badimo and Ineelo MosiePART V CONCLUSION22 The interlinkage between tourism, environmental conservation, andnatural resource management: a synthesis 328Oluwatoyin D. Kolawole, Joseph E. Mbaiwa, Wame L. Hambira, andEmmanuel MogendeIndex

Edited by Joseph E. Mbaiwa, Professor of Tourism Studies, Oluwatoyin D. Kolawole, Professor of Rural Development, Okavango Research Institute, University of Botswana, Wame L. Hambira, Associate Professor of Environmental Management, Botswana University of Agriculture and Natural Resources and Emmanuel Mogende, Lecturer of Natural Resource Governance, Department of Environmental Science, University of Botswana, Botswana

• Contents:1 Introduction to the Handbook on Tourism and Conservation 1Oluwatoyin D. Kolawole, Joseph E. Mbaiwa, Wame L. Hambira, andEmmanuel MogendePART I TOURISM AND CONSERVATION IN PROTECTED AREAS2 Tourism and conservation in protected areas: on collective efficacy 10Jabulile Happyness Mzimela and Inocent Moyo3 The prospects of forest-based tourism for marginalised communities 25Joyce Lepetu, Gofaone Rammotokara and Hesekia Garekae4 Human–elephant conflict: implications for rural livelihoods and wildlifeconservation 37Kenalekgosi Gontse, Joseph E. Mbaiwa and Olekae T. Thakadu5 Residents’ perception of ecotourism development at Tachila NatureReserve, North-East District, Botswana 54Joseph E. Mbaiwa and Unabo TafaPART II TOURISM AND CLIMATE CHANGE6 Tourism and climate change adaptation in protected areas 73Kaarina Tervo-Kankare7 Tourism and climate change vulnerabilities: a focus on African destinations 86Kaitano Dube8 Tourism and climate change: consequences, adaptation and mitigation 101Esraa A. El-Masry9 Evaluating climate change communication for sustainableenvironmental conservation in the tourism sector 115Sharon Tshipa and Olekae T. Thakadu10 Perspectives on the effects of environmental change in northernBotswana and its implications for CBNRM 130Maduo Mpolokang and Jeremy PerkinsPART III SUSTAINABLE AGRITOURISM11 Potentials and challenges of sustainable agritourism in Fortín, Veracruz,Mexico 147Karina Nicole Pérez-Olmos, Noé Aguilar-Rivera and Carlos EnriqueVillanueva-González12 ‘Negotiating with the juggernaut’: on agritourism and the paradoxes ofmarket-driven conservation 164Mikael Andéhn and Patrick J. N. L’Espoir Decosta13 Micro and small-scale culture-based tourism initiatives as a livelihoodoption for rural women in Kenya 176Rita Wairimu Nthiga and Beatrice H. O. Ohutso Imbaya14 Environmental impact of rural tourism 189Gondo Reniko and Oluwatoyin D. Kolawole15 Towards agritourism development in Zimbabwe: growth potential,benefits and challenges 204Rudorwashe Baipai, Oliver Chikuta, Edson Gandiwa and Chiedza N. MutangaPART IV DESTINATION COMMUNITIES AND NATURALRESOURCES CONSERVATION16 Commodification of nature and territorialization: conservation, localcommunities and Botswana’s international cooperation 223Kekgaoditse Suping17 Community-based natural resources management and poverty reduction 237Israel R. Blackie18 Information communication technologies and community-basedtourism organisations 249Siamisang Sehuhula19 Assessing the role of the central government and communities inalleviating poverty through ecotourism 263Thekiso Molokwane and Agnes Tshepo Nkone20 Sense of place and tourism in cultural landscapes 278Joseph E. Mbaiwa and Gladys B. Siphambe21 Co-management of world heritage sites for community benefit 299Olekae T. Thakadu, Wame L. Hambira, Gaseitsiwe Smollie Masunga, BarbaraN. Ngwenya, Abigail Lillian Engleton, Dandy Badimo and Ineelo MosiePART V CONCLUSION22 The interlinkage between tourism, environmental conservation, andnatural resource management: a synthesis 328Oluwatoyin D. Kolawole, Joseph E. Mbaiwa, Wame L. Hambira, andEmmanuel MogendeIndex

Edited by Joseph E. Mbaiwa, Professor of Tourism Studies, Oluwatoyin D. Kolawole, Professor of Rural Development, Okavango Research Institute, University of Botswana, Wame L. Hambira, Associate Professor of Environmental Management, Botswana University of Agriculture and Natural Resources and Emmanuel Mogende, Lecturer of Natural Resource Governance, Department of Environmental Science, University of Botswana, Botswana

• Contents:1 Introduction to the Handbook on Tourism and Conservation 1Oluwatoyin D. Kolawole, Joseph E. Mbaiwa, Wame L. Hambira, andEmmanuel MogendePART I TOURISM AND CONSERVATION IN PROTECTED AREAS2 Tourism and conservation in protected areas: on collective efficacy 10Jabulile Happyness Mzimela and Inocent Moyo3 The prospects of forest-based tourism for marginalised communities 25Joyce Lepetu, Gofaone Rammotokara and Hesekia Garekae4 Human–elephant conflict: implications for rural livelihoods and wildlifeconservation 37Kenalekgosi Gontse, Joseph E. Mbaiwa and Olekae T. Thakadu5 Residents’ perception of ecotourism development at Tachila NatureReserve, North-East District, Botswana 54Joseph E. Mbaiwa and Unabo TafaPART II TOURISM AND CLIMATE CHANGE6 Tourism and climate change adaptation in protected areas 73Kaarina Tervo-Kankare7 Tourism and climate change vulnerabilities: a focus on African destinations 86Kaitano Dube8 Tourism and climate change: consequences, adaptation and mitigation 101Esraa A. El-Masry9 Evaluating climate change communication for sustainableenvironmental conservation in the tourism sector 115Sharon Tshipa and Olekae T. Thakadu10 Perspectives on the effects of environmental change in northernBotswana and its implications for CBNRM 130Maduo Mpolokang and Jeremy PerkinsPART III SUSTAINABLE AGRITOURISM11 Potentials and challenges of sustainable agritourism in Fortín, Veracruz,Mexico 147Karina Nicole Pérez-Olmos, Noé Aguilar-Rivera and Carlos EnriqueVillanueva-González12 ‘Negotiating with the juggernaut’: on agritourism and the paradoxes ofmarket-driven conservation 164Mikael Andéhn and Patrick J. N. L’Espoir Decosta13 Micro and small-scale culture-based tourism initiatives as a livelihoodoption for rural women in Kenya 176Rita Wairimu Nthiga and Beatrice H. O. Ohutso Imbaya14 Environmental impact of rural tourism 189Gondo Reniko and Oluwatoyin D. Kolawole15 Towards agritourism development in Zimbabwe: growth potential,benefits and challenges 204Rudorwashe Baipai, Oliver Chikuta, Edson Gandiwa and Chiedza N. MutangaPART IV DESTINATION COMMUNITIES AND NATURALRESOURCES CONSERVATION16 Commodification of nature and territorialization: conservation, localcommunities and Botswana’s international cooperation 223Kekgaoditse Suping17 Community-based natural resources management and poverty reduction 237Israel R. Blackie18 Information communication technologies and community-basedtourism organisations 249Siamisang Sehuhula19 Assessing the role of the central government and communities inalleviating poverty through ecotourism 263Thekiso Molokwane and Agnes Tshepo Nkone20 Sense of place and tourism in cultural landscapes 278Joseph E. Mbaiwa and Gladys B. Siphambe21 Co-management of world heritage sites for community benefit 299Olekae T. Thakadu, Wame L. Hambira, Gaseitsiwe Smollie Masunga, BarbaraN. Ngwenya, Abigail Lillian Engleton, Dandy Badimo and Ineelo MosiePART V CONCLUSION22 The interlinkage between tourism, environmental conservation, andnatural resource management: a synthesis 328Oluwatoyin D. Kolawole, Joseph E. Mbaiwa, Wame L. Hambira, andEmmanuel MogendeIndex