Edited by Albert N. Link, Professor Emeritus and former Virginia Batte Phillips Distinguished Professor of Economics, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, US

‘The Economics of Innovation Policy is a remarkable collection both for the comprehensiveness of the topics covered and the quality of the individual papers. They bring economic rigor with genuine insights into the evolving role of the government in national innovation systems, and at the same time have practical, policy-orientated assessments of the use of R&D tax credits and public–private technology partnerships. Importantly, there are excellent papers on the role of the university in the innovation process as well as on the highly important but often overlooked role of standards in the development of new technologies. This comprehensive, high-quality series is a genuinely valuable contribution for the researcher and policymaker alike.’

• Contents:Volume I: Foundations of Innovation PolicyAcknowledgementsIntroductionAlbert N. LinkPART IGOVERNMENT’S ROLE IN INNOVATION 1. Paul M. Romer (1993), ‘Implementing a National Technology Strategy with Self-Organizing Industry Investment Boards’2. Partha Dasgupta and Paul A. David (1994), ‘Toward a New Economics of Science’3. Stephen Martin and John T. Scott (2000), ‘The Nature of Innovation Market Failure and the Design of Public Support for Private Innovation’4. Gregory Tassey (2005), ‘Underinvestment in Public Good Technologies’PART IITHE PATENT SYSTEM 5. Rebecca S. Eisenberg (1989), ‘Patents and the Progress of Science: Exclusive Rights and Experimental Use’6. Richard Gilbert and Carl Shapiro (1990), ‘Optimal Patent Length and Breadth’7. Janusz A. Ordover (1991), ‘A Patent System for Both Diffusion and Exclusion’8. Adam B. Jaffe (2000), ‘The U.S. Patent System in Transition: Policy Innovation and the Innovation Process’9. Wesley M. Cohen (2005), ‘Patents and Appropriation: Concerns and Evidence’PART IIIDIRECT FUNDING OF INNOVATION 10. Gregory Tassey (1996), ‘Choosing Government R&D Policies: Tax Incentives vs. Direct Funding’11. John T. Scott (1998), ‘Financing and Leveraging Public/Private Partnerships: The Hurdle-Lowering Auction’12. Josh Lerner (1999), ‘The Government as Venture Capitalist: The Long-Run Impact of the SBIR Program’13. Scott J. Wallsten (2000), ‘The Effects of Government-Industry R&D Programs on Private R&D: The Case of the Small Business Innovation Research Program’14. David Audretsch, Albert N. Link and John T. Scott (2002), ‘Public/Private Technology Partnerships: Evaluating SBIR-supported Research’PART IVFISCAL POLICIES TO PROMOTE INNOVATION 15. Barry Bozeman and Albert N. Link (1984), ‘Tax Incentives for R&D: A Critical Evaluation’16. C.W. Swenson (1992), ‘Some Tests of the Incentive Effects of the Research and Experimentation Tax Credit’17. Bronwyn H. Hall (1993), ‘R&D Tax Policy during the 1980s: Success or Failure?’18. Rachel Griffith, Daniel Sandler and John Van Reenen (1995), ‘Tax Incentives for R&D’19. John T. Scott (1995), ‘The Damoclean Tax and Innovation’Name IndexVolume II: Innovation Policies and Social ImpactAcknowledgementsAn introduction to both volumes by the editor appears in Volume I.PART I PUBLIC RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT 1. Richard R. Nelson (1983), ‘Government Support of Technical Progress: Lessons from History’2. David M. Levy and Nestor E. Terleckyj (1983), ‘Effects of Government R&D on Private R&D Investment and Productivity: A Macroeconomic Analysis’3. Frank R. Lichtenberg (1984), ‘The Relationship Between Federal Contract R&D and Company R&D’4. Dennis Patrick Leyden and Albert N. Link (1991), ‘Why are Governmental R&D and Private R&D Complements?’5. Maryann P. Feldman and Maryellen R. Kelley (2003), ‘Leveraging Research and Development: Assessing the Impact of the U.S. Advanced Technology Program’PART IIRESEARCH COOPERATION TO PROMOTE INNOVATION 6. Eric von Hippel (1987), ‘Cooperation between Rivals: Informal Know-How Trading’7. Dennis Patrick Leyden and Albert N. Link (1999), ‘Federal Laboratories as Research Partners’8. Bruce S. Tether (2002), ‘Who Co-operates for Innovation and Why: An Empirical Analysis’9. Donald S. Siegel (2003), ‘Data Requirements for Assessing the Private and Social Returns to Strategic Research Partnerships: Analysis and Recommendations’PART IIISTANDARDS AS TECHNOLOGY INFRASTRUCTURE 10. Joseph Farrell and Garth Saloner (1986), ‘Installed Base and Compatibility: Innovation, Product Preannouncements and Predation’11. Paul A. David and Shane Greenstein (1990), ‘The Economics of Compatibility Standards: An Introduction to Recent Research’12. Karl Ulrich (1995), ‘The Role of Product Architecture in the Manufacturing Firm’13. Gregory Tassey (2000), ‘Standardization in Technology-Based Markets’PART IVUNIVERSITIES AND THE INNOVATION PROCESS 14. Adam B. Jaffe (1989), ‘Real Effects of Academic Research’15. David C. Mowery, Richard R. Nelson, Bhaven N. Sampat and Arvids A. Ziedonis (2001), ‘The Growth of Patenting and Licensing by US Universities: An Assessment of the Effects of the Bayh-Dole Act of 1980’16. Bronwyn H. Hall, Albert N. Link and John T. Scott (2001), ‘Barriers Inhibiting Industry from Partnering with Universities: Evidence from the Advanced Technology Program’17. Josh Lerner (2005), ‘The University and the Start-Up: Lessons from the Past Two Decades’PART VTECHNOLOGY TRANSFER POLICIES 18. Michael M. Crow (1988), ‘Technology and Knowledge Transfer in Energy R&D Laboratories: An Analysis of Effectiveness’19. Barry Bozeman (1994), ‘Evaluating Government Technology Transfer: Early Impacts of the “Cooperative Technology Paradigm”20. David C. Mowery and Bhaven N. Sampat (2005), ‘The Bayh-Dole Act of 1980 and University-Industry Technology Transfer: A Model for Other OECD Governments?’21. David J. Teece (2005), ‘Technology and Technology Transfer: Mansfieldian Inspirations and Subsequent Developments’PART VISOCIAL IMPACT OF INNOVATION POLICY 22. Zvi Griliches (1958), ‘Research Costs and Social Returns: Hybrid Corn and Related Innovations’23. Edwin Mansfield, John Rapoport, Anthony Romeo, Samuel Wagner and George Beardsley (1977), ‘Social and Private Rates of Return from Industrial Innovations’24. Manuel Trajtenberg (1989), ‘The Welfare Analysis of Product Innovations, with an Application to Computed Tomography Scanners’25. Albert N. Link and John T. Scott (2001), ‘Public/Private Partnerships: Stimulating Competition in a Dynamic Market’Name Index

Edited by Albert N. Link, Professor Emeritus and former Virginia Batte Phillips Distinguished Professor of Economics, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, US

‘The Economics of Innovation Policy is a remarkable collection both for the comprehensiveness of the topics covered and the quality of the individual papers. They bring economic rigor with genuine insights into the evolving role of the government in national innovation systems, and at the same time have practical, policy-orientated assessments of the use of R&D tax credits and public–private technology partnerships. Importantly, there are excellent papers on the role of the university in the innovation process as well as on the highly important but often overlooked role of standards in the development of new technologies. This comprehensive, high-quality series is a genuinely valuable contribution for the researcher and policymaker alike.’

• Contents:Volume I: Foundations of Innovation PolicyAcknowledgementsIntroductionAlbert N. LinkPART IGOVERNMENT’S ROLE IN INNOVATION 1. Paul M. Romer (1993), ‘Implementing a National Technology Strategy with Self-Organizing Industry Investment Boards’2. Partha Dasgupta and Paul A. David (1994), ‘Toward a New Economics of Science’3. Stephen Martin and John T. Scott (2000), ‘The Nature of Innovation Market Failure and the Design of Public Support for Private Innovation’4. Gregory Tassey (2005), ‘Underinvestment in Public Good Technologies’PART IITHE PATENT SYSTEM 5. Rebecca S. Eisenberg (1989), ‘Patents and the Progress of Science: Exclusive Rights and Experimental Use’6. Richard Gilbert and Carl Shapiro (1990), ‘Optimal Patent Length and Breadth’7. Janusz A. Ordover (1991), ‘A Patent System for Both Diffusion and Exclusion’8. Adam B. Jaffe (2000), ‘The U.S. Patent System in Transition: Policy Innovation and the Innovation Process’9. Wesley M. Cohen (2005), ‘Patents and Appropriation: Concerns and Evidence’PART IIIDIRECT FUNDING OF INNOVATION 10. Gregory Tassey (1996), ‘Choosing Government R&D Policies: Tax Incentives vs. Direct Funding’11. John T. Scott (1998), ‘Financing and Leveraging Public/Private Partnerships: The Hurdle-Lowering Auction’12. Josh Lerner (1999), ‘The Government as Venture Capitalist: The Long-Run Impact of the SBIR Program’13. Scott J. Wallsten (2000), ‘The Effects of Government-Industry R&D Programs on Private R&D: The Case of the Small Business Innovation Research Program’14. David Audretsch, Albert N. Link and John T. Scott (2002), ‘Public/Private Technology Partnerships: Evaluating SBIR-supported Research’PART IVFISCAL POLICIES TO PROMOTE INNOVATION 15. Barry Bozeman and Albert N. Link (1984), ‘Tax Incentives for R&D: A Critical Evaluation’16. C.W. Swenson (1992), ‘Some Tests of the Incentive Effects of the Research and Experimentation Tax Credit’17. Bronwyn H. Hall (1993), ‘R&D Tax Policy during the 1980s: Success or Failure?’18. Rachel Griffith, Daniel Sandler and John Van Reenen (1995), ‘Tax Incentives for R&D’19. John T. Scott (1995), ‘The Damoclean Tax and Innovation’Name IndexVolume II: Innovation Policies and Social ImpactAcknowledgementsAn introduction to both volumes by the editor appears in Volume I.PART I PUBLIC RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT 1. Richard R. Nelson (1983), ‘Government Support of Technical Progress: Lessons from History’2. David M. Levy and Nestor E. Terleckyj (1983), ‘Effects of Government R&D on Private R&D Investment and Productivity: A Macroeconomic Analysis’3. Frank R. Lichtenberg (1984), ‘The Relationship Between Federal Contract R&D and Company R&D’4. Dennis Patrick Leyden and Albert N. Link (1991), ‘Why are Governmental R&D and Private R&D Complements?’5. Maryann P. Feldman and Maryellen R. Kelley (2003), ‘Leveraging Research and Development: Assessing the Impact of the U.S. Advanced Technology Program’PART IIRESEARCH COOPERATION TO PROMOTE INNOVATION 6. Eric von Hippel (1987), ‘Cooperation between Rivals: Informal Know-How Trading’7. Dennis Patrick Leyden and Albert N. Link (1999), ‘Federal Laboratories as Research Partners’8. Bruce S. Tether (2002), ‘Who Co-operates for Innovation and Why: An Empirical Analysis’9. Donald S. Siegel (2003), ‘Data Requirements for Assessing the Private and Social Returns to Strategic Research Partnerships: Analysis and Recommendations’PART IIISTANDARDS AS TECHNOLOGY INFRASTRUCTURE 10. Joseph Farrell and Garth Saloner (1986), ‘Installed Base and Compatibility: Innovation, Product Preannouncements and Predation’11. Paul A. David and Shane Greenstein (1990), ‘The Economics of Compatibility Standards: An Introduction to Recent Research’12. Karl Ulrich (1995), ‘The Role of Product Architecture in the Manufacturing Firm’13. Gregory Tassey (2000), ‘Standardization in Technology-Based Markets’PART IVUNIVERSITIES AND THE INNOVATION PROCESS 14. Adam B. Jaffe (1989), ‘Real Effects of Academic Research’15. David C. Mowery, Richard R. Nelson, Bhaven N. Sampat and Arvids A. Ziedonis (2001), ‘The Growth of Patenting and Licensing by US Universities: An Assessment of the Effects of the Bayh-Dole Act of 1980’16. Bronwyn H. Hall, Albert N. Link and John T. Scott (2001), ‘Barriers Inhibiting Industry from Partnering with Universities: Evidence from the Advanced Technology Program’17. Josh Lerner (2005), ‘The University and the Start-Up: Lessons from the Past Two Decades’PART VTECHNOLOGY TRANSFER POLICIES 18. Michael M. Crow (1988), ‘Technology and Knowledge Transfer in Energy R&D Laboratories: An Analysis of Effectiveness’19. Barry Bozeman (1994), ‘Evaluating Government Technology Transfer: Early Impacts of the “Cooperative Technology Paradigm”20. David C. Mowery and Bhaven N. Sampat (2005), ‘The Bayh-Dole Act of 1980 and University-Industry Technology Transfer: A Model for Other OECD Governments?’21. David J. Teece (2005), ‘Technology and Technology Transfer: Mansfieldian Inspirations and Subsequent Developments’PART VISOCIAL IMPACT OF INNOVATION POLICY 22. Zvi Griliches (1958), ‘Research Costs and Social Returns: Hybrid Corn and Related Innovations’23. Edwin Mansfield, John Rapoport, Anthony Romeo, Samuel Wagner and George Beardsley (1977), ‘Social and Private Rates of Return from Industrial Innovations’24. Manuel Trajtenberg (1989), ‘The Welfare Analysis of Product Innovations, with an Application to Computed Tomography Scanners’25. Albert N. Link and John T. Scott (2001), ‘Public/Private Partnerships: Stimulating Competition in a Dynamic Market’Name Index