Fatigue of Materials and Structures

Claude Bathias is Emeritus Professor at the University Paris 10-La Defense. He started his career as a research engineer in the aerospace and military industry where he remained for 20 years before becoming director of the CNRS laboratory ERA 914 at the University of Compiegne. He has launched two international conferences about fatigue: International Conference on the Fatigue of Composite Materials (ICFC) and Very High Cycle Fatigue (VHCF).André Pineau is Professor at Mines ParisTech and a member of the French Academy of Engineering. He has published about 300 papers in international journals and edited or co-edited 10 books. His main research fields are phase transformations, fatigue and fracture of metallic materials.

• Foreword xiiiChapter 1. Introduction to Fatigue: Fundamentals and Methodology 1André PINEAU and Claude BATHIAS1.1. Introduction to the fatigue of materials 11.2. Mechanisms of fatigue damage 101.3. Test systems 131.4. Structural design and fatigue 151.5. Fatigue of polymers, elastomers and composite materials 161.6. Conclusion 181.7. Bibliography 19Chapter 2. Modeling of Fatigue Strength and Endurance Curve 23Henri-Paul LIEURADE2.1. Introduction 232.2. Nature and aspect of the scatter of fatigue test results 252.3. Determination of the endurance limit 272.4. Estimation methods of fatigue resistance and standard deviation with N cycles 272.5. Mathematical representations and plotting methods of the Wöhler curve 472.6. Estimation of the cycle number N for a given level of stress amplitude 552.7. Influence of mechanical parameters on endurance 592.8. Relationship between endurance and mechanical characteristics (of steels) 622.9. Bibliography 66Chapter 3. Fatigue Crack Initiation 69Paul RABBE and Louis ANQUEZ3.1. Introduction 693.2. Physical mechanisms of crack initiation 703.3. Methods of evaluating crack initiation 813.4. Practical method of structure calculation 973.5. Bibliography 109Chapter 4. Low-cycle Fatigue 113André PINEAU4.1. Introduction 1134.2. Phenomenological description of low-cycle fatigue 1224.3. Adaptation mechanism and cracking during low-cycle fatigue 1344.4. Conclusion 1724.5. Acknowledgements 1724.6. Bibliography 173Chapter 5. Gigacycle Fatigue 179Claude BATHIAS5.1. Introducing the real-life fatigue life of machines 1795.2. Testing process 1815.3. Systems of piezoelectric fatigue machines 1885.4. SN curves above 107 cycles 1905.5. Initiation mechanism under gigacycle fatigue 2095.6. Assessing fatigue strength 2195.7. Conclusion 2265.8. Bibliography 226Chapter 6. Fatigue Crack Growth Laws 231Jacques MASOUNAVE, Jean-Paul BAÏLON and John-Ivan DICKSON6.1. Introduction 2316.2. Models describing crack propagation 2326.3. Critical evaluation of the models 2496.4. Future plans 2586.5. Conclusion 2606.6. Bibliography 261Chapter 7. Short Crack Propagation 269Yves VERREMAN7.1. Introduction 2697.2. Theoretical considerations showing the limits of LEFM 2717.3. Experimental observations 2757.4. Role of closure in the behavior of short cracks 2857.5. Modeling of the behavior of short cracks 2917.6. Conclusion 3027.7. Acknowledgements 3037.8. Bibliography 303Chapter 8. Plastic Deformation Mechanisms at the Crack Tip 311Claude BATHIAS8.1. Introduction 3118.2. Fatigue plastic deformation at the crack tip 3128.3. Microfractographic aspects of the fatigue crack 3238.4. Model based on displacement on crack tip opening 3288.5. Cyclic stress hardening at the crack tip 3318.6. Model based on the effective stress intensity factor 3348.7. Conclusion 3428.8. Bibliography 343Chapter 9. Local Approach to Fatigue Crack Growth 347Sylvie POMMIER9.1. Introduction 3479.2. Plasticity at the crack tip 3489.3. Cyclic plasticity at the crack tip 3559.4. Local approach to fatigue crack growth 3669.5. Conclusion 3729.6. Bibliography 373Chapter 10. Corrosion Fatigue 377Régis PELLOUX and Jean-Marc GENKIN10.1. Introduction 37710.2. Crack initiation 37810.3. Short cracks 38410.4. Long crack propagation 38510.5. Conclusions 39710.6. Bibliography 397Chapter 11. Effect of Environment 401Jean PETIT and Christine SARRAZIN-BAUDOUX11.1. Introduction 40111.2. Effect of environment on lifetime under high-cycle fatigue conditions 40311.3. Influence of the environment on fatigue crack propagation 41111.4. Conclusion 44311.5. Bibliography 444Chapter 12. Fatigue under Variable Amplitude Loadings 457Thierry PALIN-LUC12.1. Introduction 45712.2. Variable amplitude loadings 46012.3. Fatigue tests under variable amplitude loadings 47812.4. Factors influencing the test results under variable amplitude loading 48612.5. Fatigue lifetime assessment under variable amplitude loading 49312.6. Conclusion 49712.7. Bibliography 498List of Authors 503Index 505