Value and Economy of Marine Resources

André Monaco is Emeritus Director of Research for the French national research center (CNRS). His research interests concern marine sedimentology and geochemistry. He was responsible for part of the organizing committee for several French and European programs and has been guest editor for four special issues in international journals.Patrick Prouzet is Director of Research focusing on the ecosystemic approach at Ifremer in France. He specializes in the biology and dynamics of anadromous fish such as Atlantic salmon and eels. He is the author or co-author of several works on these species or on estuary fishing.

• FOREWORD xiCHAPTER 1. THE SERVICES PROVIDED BY MARINE ECOSYSTEMS: ECONOMIC ASSESSMENTS AND THEIR USAGES 1Harold LEVREL, Pedro CABRAL, Océane MARCONE and Rémi MONGRUEL1.1. Marine ecosystem services 11.1.1. Ecosystem services 11.1.2. A historic balance leading to an inefficient exploitation of ecosystem services 41.1.3. Marine ecosystem services 61.2. The monetary evaluation of ecosystem services 111.2.1. The factors that motivate demands for monetary evaluation 111.2.2. Monetary evaluation methods and their limits 141.3. The monetary evaluation of ecosystem services: some results for marine ecosystems 201.4. The effective use of the assessment of benefits associated with ecosystem services 261.4.1. The expected uses of monetary evaluation 261.5. A complementary approach: assessing the cost of maintaining ecosystem services 291.5.1. The principles of assessment 291.5.2. Evaluation of the cost of the degradation of the environment in the directive framework “Strategy for the marine habitat” 301.6. Toward multifaceted evaluations of ecosystem services using a spatial approach 341.6.1. The integrated spatial evaluation of marine and coastal ecosystem services 341.6.2. The spatial integrated assessment of ES and the compromises associated with their development     371.6.3. Tools for spatial integrated assessment of ecosystem services 381.7. Conclusions 411.8. Bibliography 42CHAPTER 2. FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE SUSTAINABILITY 53Sylvestre VOISIN and Pierre FRÉON2.1. Sustainability and responsibility of provisioning: learning the lessions from overfishing 532.1.1. Introduction: challenges and summary of key points 542.1.2. The initial fisheries approach challenged by the complexity of the ocean ecosystem and the failures of fisheries regulation 592.1.3. Contributions of the new sciences on sustainability and responsibility 682.1.4. New accounting framework for sustainability and responsibility: integrating uncertainty and “uncontrollability” in fishery and aquaculture management 862.2. Sustainability evaluation methods: translation of scientific knowledge for a political debate 942.2.1. Classification and good use of the sustainability and responsibility evaluation methods 942.2.2. Sustainability analysis of fisheries and aquaculture supply chains: state of the art, trends of the new practices and case study 962.2.3. Relevance of the concepts of ecosystem-based fisheries management, bioeconomics, sustainable and responsible consumption of seafood products 1182.3. Interpretations of the evaluations of sustainability/responsibility in global performance: scenarios of complex organization policies and strategies 1212.3.1. Interpretation of the sustainability analysis and knowledge management 1212.3.2. Large prospective scenarios on the organization of fisheries and marine aquaculture supply chains in a globalized context 1242.3.3. Conclusion and perspective: toward an integrated sustainable and responsible approach to fishery and aquaculture management 1312.4. Acknowledgments 1342.5. Appendices 1352.5.1. Appendix 1 1352.5.2. Appendix 2 1362.5.3. Appendix 3 1372.6. Bibliography 138CHAPTER 3. FISHERIES ECONOMICS 153Christian CHABOUD3.1. Outline of fisheries economics 1533.1.1. Object of fisheries economics 1533.1.2. Specific features and characteristics of fisheries economics 1543.2. The bioeconomic approach of fisheries 1603.2.1. Gordon–Schaefer’s model 1613.2.2. Dynamic non-equilibrium model 1873.2.3. The Clark Munro’s model: the golden rule of the intertemporal allocation of natural capital 1933.2.4. The age-structured bioeconomic models 2003.2.5. Toward more realistic and complex bioeconomic models 2103.3. Contribution of economics to fisheries management 2113.3.1. A negative view about the efficiency of public policies in the fishery sector 2113.3.2. A classification attempt of the tools for fisheries management 2143.3.3. An economic assessment of the relevance of the tools of fisheries management 2153.4. Conclusion: the contributions of fisheries economics and its future evolution 2223.5. Bibliography 224CHAPTER 4. MARITIME ECONOMY: DEFINITION AND MAIN ASPECTS 233Régis KALAYDJIAN4.1. Overview of the European maritime economy 2354.1.1. Marine resources 2354.1.2. Maritime transport 2404.1.3. Management of the marine environment 2424.1.4. The diversity of the maritime economy 2444.2. The European maritime policy and its economic information requirements 2454.3. Sector-based approach to the maritime economy 2504.4. Maritime economy coverage 2534.5. Maritime economy: sector-based approach and methodology issues 2564.6. Sector-based approach to the French maritime economy 2584.7. From a sector-based approach to a maritime basins approach 2614.7.1. Economic and social assessment of the MSFD: use of marine waters 2624.7.2. The Atlantic maritime basin: a European project 2674.8. Ecosystems and costs of degradation 2674.8.1. Ecosystem approach to the costs of degradation 2684.8.2. Practical application of the ecosystem approach 2724.8.3. Direct approach to degradation costs 2734.8.4. Combining the different approaches: the problem of local data 2754.9. Conclusions 2784.10. Appendices 2804.11. Bibliography 284LIST OF AUTHORS 291INDEX 293