Mobile and Wireless Networks

Khaldoun Al Agha is the Co-founder and CEO of Green Communications. He is also Professor at the University of Paris-Sud in Orsay, France. Guy Pujolle is currently Professor at University Pierre and Marie Curie in France and a distinguished Visiting Professor at UFRJ (University Federal of Rio de Janeiro) in Brazil.Tara Ali-Yahiya is Associate Professor in the Laboratoire de Recherche en Informatique (Computer Science Research Laboratory) at the University of Paris-Sud in Orsay, France.

• Preface xiiiList of Acronyms  xviiChapter 1. Introduction to Mobile and Networks  11.1. Mobile and wireless generation networks 21.1.1. First generation mobile technology: 1G 21.1.2. Second generation mobile technology: 2G 31.1.3. Third generation mobile technology: 3G 41.1.4. Fourth generation mobile technology: 4G  51.1.5. Fifth generation mobile technology: 5G 71.2. IEEE technologies  71.2.1. IEEE 802.15: WPAN  81.2.2. IEEE 802.11: WLAN  81.2.3. IEEE 802.16: WMAN  91.2.4. IEEE 802.21: MIHS 101.2.5. IEEE 802.22: WRAN  101.3. Conclusion 111.4. Bibliography  111.4.1. Standards 111.4.2. Selected bibliography  121.4.3. Websites  13Chapter 2. Mobile Networks 152.1. Cellular network 162.1.1. Radio interface  172.1.2. Cell design 192.1.3. Traffic engineering  202.2. Principles of cellular network functionalities 212.3. 1G networks  232.4. 2G networks  232.5. 3G networks  252.6. 4G networks  272.7. 5G networks  292.8. Bibliography 30Chapter 3. Long-Term Evolution  353.1. Relevant features of LTE 363.2. Network architecture and protocols 393.2.1. Architecture reference model  403.2.2. Functional description of a LTE network 413.2.3. System architecture evolution  443.2.4. Reference points 463.3. Control and user planes  483.3.1. User plane 483.3.2. GPRS tunneling protocol  503.3.3. Control plane 523.4. Multimedia broadcast and multicast service  533.5. Stream Control Transmission Protocol 543.6. Network discovery and selection  553.7. Radio resource management 563.8. Authentication and authorization  583.8.1. User authentication, key agreement and key generation  593.8.2. Signaling and user-plane security 613.9. Fundamentals of the MAC layer in LTE  613.9.1. Traffic classes and quality of service 613.9.2. Mobility  623.9.3. Resource scheduling algorithms  633.10. Fundamentals of the LTE physical layer 643.10.1. Slot and frame structure in LTE OFDMA  643.10.2. Reference signals  683.11. Conclusion693.12. Bibliography 703.12.1. Standards 703.12.2. Selected bibliography  70Chapter 4. Long-Term Evolution Advanced  734.1. HetNet in LTE Advanced  754.2. Small cell concepts  774.2.1. Picocell  774.2.2. Femtocells 784.2.3. Relays 784.3. Femtocell and macrocell integration architecture  794.4. Picocell and macrocell integration architecture 804.5. Interference mitigation in heterogeneous networks 814.5.1. Interference mitigation in the context of two-tier macrofemtocells  824.5.2. Frequency spectral assignment  824.6. Interference mitigation in the context of two-tier macropicocells  834.7. Coordinated multi-point transmission/reception 844.8. Carrier aggregation  854.9. LTE Advanced evolution toward 5G 864.10. Bibliography 874.10.1. Standards  874.10.2. Selected bibliography 874.10.3. Websites 88Chapter 5. 5G 895.1. From LTE Advanced to 5G: the big transition  905.1.1. D2D communication  915.1.2. Green activities saving energy 925.1.3. LTE–WiFi integration for traffic offloading 925.1.4. Vehicular communication 935.2. Some characteristics envisioned for 5G  945.2.1. Massive capacity support  945.2.2. Ubiquitous communication support  945.2.3. Improvement in radio characteristics 945.3. 5G frequencies  955.4. High and low platforms 965.5. Cloud-RAN  985.6. Bibliography  1015.6.1. Standard  1015.6.2. Selected bibliography  1015.6.3. Website  101Chapter 6. Small Cells 1036.1. Femtocell technology 1056.2. LTE femtocell architecture  1086.2.1. Home eNB or FAP  1086.2.2. HeNB gateway or FAP-GW 1096.2.3. HeNB management system or ACS  1096.2.4. Security gateway 1106.3. LTE femtocell deployment scenarios  1106.4. Femtocell access control strategy  1126.4.1. Closed subscriber group 1126.4.2. Femtocell access control modes  1136.4.3. Physical cell identity 1136.5. LTE femtocell challenges and technical issues  1146.5.1. Interference  1146.5.2. Spectrum allocation  1156.5.3. Access mode impact 1176.6. Security and privacy challenges 1176.7. Synchronization  1206.8. Mobility 1216.9. Passpoint  1236.10. The backhaul network  1266.11. Software radio and cognitive radio  1286.12. Custom cells  1296.13. Conclusion 1306.14. Bibliography 1316.14.1. Standards 1316.14.2. Selected bibliography  1316.14.3. Websites 133Chapter 7. WPAN and WiGig 1357.1. Wireless Personal Area Network  1357.2. IEEE 802.15  1367.3. Bluetooth  1387.4. UWB 1427.5. WiGig  1477.6. WirelesssHD  1507.7. Conclusion 1517.8. Bibliography  151Chapter 8. WLAN and WiFi 1538.1. IEEE 802.11  1548.2. WiFi architecture 1568.2.1. Physical layer 1568.2.2. Data link layer  1578.2.3. Access techniques  1588.2.4. The CSMA/CA protocol  1598.2.5. Handovers 1628.2.6. Security  1638.2.7. Wired Equivalent Privacy 1648.2.8. WPA and IEEE 802.11i 1678.3. Security and authentication 1688.3.1. Scalability and flexibility  1688.3.2. IEEE 802.11i 1708.3.3. Trading security policy 1708.4. Saving energy 1728.5. IEEE 802.11a, b and g  1748.5.1. IEEE 802.11b 1758.5.2. IEEE 802.11a 1768.5.3. IEEE 802.11n 1768.5.4. IEEE 802.11ac  1798.5.5. IEEE 802.11ad  1828.5.6. IEEE 802.11af  1838.5.7. IEEE 802.11ah  1858.6. Conclusion 1878.7. Bibliography  188Chapter 9. WMAN and WiMAX 1919.1. Background on IEEE 802.16e 1929.1.1. The medium access control layer 1929.1.2. Channel access mechanism 1939.1.3. Quality of service  1949.1.4. Mobility support 1959.2. The physical layer  1959.2.1. Subchannelization in mobile WiMAX: OFDMA  1959.2.2. Slot and frame structure in OFDMA-based mobile WiMAX 1969.2.3. OFDMA slot structure in AMC permutation mode  1989.3. An example of WiMAX and WiFi integration  2009.3.1. QoS management 2029.3.2. Qos support and classes 2029.4. Mechanisms of channel access 2039.4.1. WiFi access methods 2049.4.2. Mobile WiMAX access method  2059.4.3. Handover support 2069.5. IEEE 802.16m or mesh for WiMAX  2069.6. IEEE 802.16h or cognitive radio for WiMAX  2079.6.1. Uncoordinated coexistence mechanism  2089.6.2. Coordinated coexistence mechanism 2099.7. Bibliography  2109.7.1. Standards  2109.7.2. Selected bibliography  210Chapter 10. WRAN and Interconnection 21310.1. IEEE 802.22  21310.2. Interconnection between IEEE standards 21610.2.1. IEEE 802.21 framework  21710.2.2. IEEE 802.21 core architecture 21810.3. Bibliography 22010.3.1. Standards 22010.3.2. Selected bibliography  220Chapter 11. Internet of Things 22311.1. Sensor networks 22411.2. RFID  22611.2.1. Using RFID  22811.2.2. EPC global  22911.2.3. RFID security  23111.2.4. Mifare 23111.3. Near-field communication 23211.3.1. Mobile key  23311.3.2. NFC payment  23411.3.3. The Internet of Things in a medical environment 23611.4. The Internet of Things in the home  23711.5. Fog networking  23811.6. Connection of things 24011.6.1. Specific proprietary solution: SIGFOX example  24111.6.2. LoRa 24211.7. Conclusion  24511.8. Bibliography 245Chapter 12. Ad Hoc and Mesh Networks  24712.1. Ad hoc networks 24812.2. Routing  25012.2.1. Ad hoc in the link layer  25312.2.2. Ad hoc mode in WiFi 25312.2.3. Bluetooth link layer  25612.3. Ad hoc routing protocols  25812.3.1. Reactive protocols 26112.3.2. Ad hoc on-demand distance vector 26112.3.3. Dynamic source routing  26212.4. Proactive protocols 26312.4.1. Optimized link state routing protocol  26312.4.2. Topology dissemination based on reverse-path forwarding  26412.5. Quality of service in ad hoc networks  26512.6. Models for QoS in MANET  26612.7. Mesh networks  27012.8. VANET networks  27312.9. Green PI: wearable Device2Device networks 27412.9.1. Observation of traffic 27612.9.2. Embedded Internet and 5G  27712.9.3. Green PI: wearable and embedded Internet  27812.9.4. Distributed TCP/IP 27912.9.5. Wearable YOI  28012.10. Bibligraphy 281Chapter 13. Mobile-Edge Computing  28313.1. Network virtualization 28313.2. Network virtualization technology  28513.2.1. Xen  28613.2.2. OpenFlow  28813.3. Using network virtualization 29213.3.1. Isolation 29313.3.2. Extensive network virtualization 29413.3.3. The Cloud 29613.4. Mobile-edge computing 29813.4.1. Use case 1: active device location tracking 29913.4.2. Use case 2: augmented reality content delivery  30013.4.3. Use case 3: video analytics  30113.4.4. Use case 4: RAN-aware content optimization 30113.4.5. Use case 5: distributed content and DNS caching 30213.4.6. Use case 6: application-aware performance optimization  30213.4.7. MEC server placement 30313.5. Conclusion 30513.6. Bibliography 305Conclusion 307Index 309