Julian V Roberts is Professor of Criminology at the University of Oxford and a Fellow of Worcester College. Andrew von Hirsch is Honorary Professor of Penal Theory and Penal Law at the University of Cambridge and an Honorary Fellow of Wolfson College.

This collection is welcome as it offers insights into the problems facing sentencers and penologists in taking past convictions into account

• 1 Proportionality and the Progressive Loss of Mitigation: Some Further Reflections Andrew von Hirsch2 First-Offender Sentencing Discounts: Exploring the Justifi cations Julian V Roberts3 Recidivism, Retributivism, and the Lapse Theory of Previous Convictions Jesper Ryberg4 Repeat Offenders and the Question of Desert Youngjae Lee5 ‘More to Apologise For’: Can We Find a Basis for the Recidivist Premium in a Communicative Theory of Punishment? Chris Bennett6 The Questionable Relevance of Previous Convictions to Punishments for Later Crimes Michael Tonry7 Prior-conviction Sentencing Enhancements: Rationales and Limits Based on Retributive and Utilitarian Proportionality Principles and Social Equality Goals Richard S Frase8 The Illusion of Proportionality: Desert and Repeat Offenders Kevin R Reitz9 Dimensions of Criminal History: Refl ections on Theory and Practice Martin Wasik10 The Role of Previous Convictions in England and Wales Estella Baker and Andrew Ashworth11 Previous Convictions and Proportionate Punishment under Swedish Law Petter Asp12 Assessing the Impact of a Recidivist Sentencing Premium on Crime and Recidivism Rates Lila Kazemian

Julian V Roberts is Professor of Criminology at the University of Oxford and a Fellow of Worcester College. Andrew von Hirsch is Honorary Professor of Penal Theory and Penal Law at the University of Cambridge and an Honorary Fellow of Wolfson College.

This collection is welcome as it offers insights into the problems facing sentencers and penologists in taking past convictions into account

• 1 Proportionality and the Progressive Loss of Mitigation: Some Further Reflections Andrew von Hirsch2 First-Offender Sentencing Discounts: Exploring the Justifi cations Julian V Roberts3 Recidivism, Retributivism, and the Lapse Theory of Previous Convictions Jesper Ryberg4 Repeat Offenders and the Question of Desert Youngjae Lee5 ‘More to Apologise For’: Can We Find a Basis for the Recidivist Premium in a Communicative Theory of Punishment? Chris Bennett6 The Questionable Relevance of Previous Convictions to Punishments for Later Crimes Michael Tonry7 Prior-conviction Sentencing Enhancements: Rationales and Limits Based on Retributive and Utilitarian Proportionality Principles and Social Equality Goals Richard S Frase8 The Illusion of Proportionality: Desert and Repeat Offenders Kevin R Reitz9 Dimensions of Criminal History: Refl ections on Theory and Practice Martin Wasik10 The Role of Previous Convictions in England and Wales Estella Baker and Andrew Ashworth11 Previous Convictions and Proportionate Punishment under Swedish Law Petter Asp12 Assessing the Impact of a Recidivist Sentencing Premium on Crime and Recidivism Rates Lila Kazemian

Julian V Roberts is Professor of Criminology at the University of Oxford and a Fellow of Worcester College. Andrew von Hirsch is Honorary Professor of Penal Theory and Penal Law at the University of Cambridge and an Honorary Fellow of Wolfson College.

This collection is welcome as it offers insights into the problems facing sentencers and penologists in taking past convictions into account

• 1 Proportionality and the Progressive Loss of Mitigation: Some Further Reflections Andrew von Hirsch2 First-Offender Sentencing Discounts: Exploring the Justifi cations Julian V Roberts3 Recidivism, Retributivism, and the Lapse Theory of Previous Convictions Jesper Ryberg4 Repeat Offenders and the Question of Desert Youngjae Lee5 ‘More to Apologise For’: Can We Find a Basis for the Recidivist Premium in a Communicative Theory of Punishment? Chris Bennett6 The Questionable Relevance of Previous Convictions to Punishments for Later Crimes Michael Tonry7 Prior-conviction Sentencing Enhancements: Rationales and Limits Based on Retributive and Utilitarian Proportionality Principles and Social Equality Goals Richard S Frase8 The Illusion of Proportionality: Desert and Repeat Offenders Kevin R Reitz9 Dimensions of Criminal History: Refl ections on Theory and Practice Martin Wasik10 The Role of Previous Convictions in England and Wales Estella Baker and Andrew Ashworth11 Previous Convictions and Proportionate Punishment under Swedish Law Petter Asp12 Assessing the Impact of a Recidivist Sentencing Premium on Crime and Recidivism Rates Lila Kazemian