Edited by David Oborne, Professor of Psychology and Head of Department of Psychology, University of Wales, Swansea, UK

• Contents: Volume IAcknowledgementsIntroductionPart I: Human Factors History and Philosophy1.P. Branton (1987), ‘In Praise of Ergonomics – A Personal Perspective.’2.F.V. Taylor and W.D. Garvey (1959), ‘The Limitations of a “Procrustean” Approach to the Optimization of Man-Machine Systems.’3. A. Chapanis (1965), ‘On the Allocation of Functions between Men and Machines.’PART II: Body Movement and Biomechanics4. K.H. Eberhard Kroemer (1970), ‘Human Strength: Terminology, Measurement and Interpretation of Data.’5.S. Pheasant & D. O’Neill (1975), ‘Performance in Gripping and Turning – A Study in Hand/Handle Effectiveness.’6. J. Duncan and D. Ferguson (1974), ‘Keyboard Operating Posture and Symptoms in Operating.’7. E. Grandjean, W. Hünting and M. Pidermann (1983), ‘VDT Workstation Design: Preferred Settings and Their Effects.’8. M. Wallace and P. Buckle (1987), ‘Ergonomic Aspects of Neck and Upper Limb Disorders.’PART III: Communication9.A. Chapanis (1965), ‘Words, Words, Words.’10.P. Wright (1977), ‘Presenting Technical Information: A Survey of Research Findings.’11. P. Wright (1986), ‘Phenomena, Function and Design: Does Information Make a Difference?’PART IV: Displays12. W.F. Grether (1949), “Instrument Reading. I: The Design of Long-Scale Indicators for Speed and Accuracy of Quantitative Readings.’13.M.I. Kurke (1956), ‘Evaluation of a Display Incorporating Quantitative and Check-Reading Characteristics.’14. S.L. Johnson and S.N. Roscoe (1972), ‘What Moves, the Airplane or the World?’15. J.M. Rolfe and M.F. Allnutt (1967), ‘Putting Man in the Picture.’PART V: CONTROLS16. A. Frievalds (1987), ‘The Ergonomics of Tools.’17. T.G. Moore (1974), ‘Tactile and Kinaesthetic Aspects of Push-Buttons.’18. J.V. Bradley (1969), ‘Optimum Knob Diameter.’19. J.V. Bradley (1969), ‘Desirable Dimensions for Concentric Controls.’PART VI: THE WORKSPACE20. K.H. Eberhard Kroemer (1972), ‘Human Engineering the Keyboard.’21. P.M. Fitts and C.M. Seeger (1953), ‘S-R Compatibility: Spatial Characteristics of Stimulus and Response Codes.’22. N.E. Loveless (1962), ‘Direction-of-Motion Stereotypes: A Review.’23. W.J. White, M.J. Warrick and W.F. Grether (1953), ‘Instrument Reading III: Check Reading of Instrument Groups.’24. J.V. Bradley (1969), ‘Optimum Knob Crowding.’25. J. Noyes (1983), ‘The QWERTY Keyboard: A Review.’26. D.A. Norman and D. Fisher (1982), ‘Why Alphabetic Keyboards are not Easy to Use: Keyboard Layout Doesn’t Much Matter.’27. A. Martin (1972), ‘A New Keyboard Layout.’28. R. Conrad and A.J. Hull (1968), ‘The Preferred Layout for Numeral Data-Entry Keysets.’PART VII: POSTURE AND SEATING29.W.F. Floyd and D.F. Roberts (1959), ‘Anatomical and Physiological Principles in Chair and Table Design.’30. P. Branton (1969), ‘Behaviour, Body Mechanics and Discomfort.’31. W. Hünting, Th. Läubli and E. Grandjean (1981), ‘Postural and Visual Loads at VDT Workplaces: I. Constrained Postures.’32. J. Jay Keegan and A.O. Radke (1964), ‘Designing Vehicle Seats for Greater Comfort.’33. M.J. Dainoff (1982), ‘Occupational Stress Factors in Visual Display Terminal (VDT) Operation: A Review of Empirical Research.’34. B.J.G. Andersson and R Örtengren, A Nachemson and G. Elfström (1974), ‘Lumbar Disk Pressure and Myoelectric Back Muscle Activity During Sitting. I. Studies on an Experimental Chair.’35. B.J.G. Andersson and R Örtengren, ‘Lumbar Disc Pressure and Myoelectric Back Muscle Activity During Sitting. III. Studies on a Wheel-Chair.’36. B.J.G. Andersson and R Örtengren, A Nachemson and G. Elfström (1974), “Lumbar Disc Pressure and Myoelectric Back Muscle Activity During Sitting. IV. Studies on a Car Driver’s Seat.’37. Å.C. Mandal (1976), ‘Work-Chair with Tilting Seat.’Name IndexCONTENTS: VOLUME IIAcknowledgementsPART I: NOISE1.K.D. Kryter and K.S. Pearsons (1963), ‘Some Effects of Spectral Content and Duration on Perceived Noise Level.’2. H.C.W. Stockbridge and M. Lee (1973), ‘The Psycho-Social Consequences of Aircraft Noise.’3. R. Ross A. Coles, G.R. Garinther, D.C. Hodge and C.G. Rice (1968), ‘Hazardous Exposure to Impulse Noise.’4.D.L. Johnson, C.W. Nixon and M.R. Stephenson (1976), ‘Long-Duration Exposure to Intermittent Noises.’5.J.C. Nixon and A. Glorig (1961), ‘Noise-Induced Permanent Threshold Shift at 2000 cps and 4000 cps.’6. D.E. Broadbent (1954), ‘Some Effects of Noise on Visual Performance.’7. E.C. Poulton (1977), ‘Continuous Intense Noise Masks Auditory Feedback and Inner Speech.’8. E.C. Poulton (1978), ‘A New Look at the Effects of Noise: A Rejoinder.’9. S.S. Stevens (1972), ‘Stability of Human Performance under Intense Noise.’10.J.G. Fox (1971), ‘Background Music and Industrial Efficiency – A Review.’11. S. Cohen and N. Weinstein (1981), ‘Nonauditory Effects of Noise on Behavior and Health.’PART II: Vibration12.J.C. Guignard and A. Irving (1960), ‘Effects of Low Frequency Vibration on Man.’13.R.R. Coermann (1962), ‘The Mechanical Impedance of the Human Body in Sitting and Standing Position at Low Frequencies.’14. M.J. Griffin and C.H. Lewis (1978), ‘A Review of the Effects of Vibration on Visual Acuity and Continuous Manual Control, Part I: Visual Acuity.’15. C.H. Lewis and M.J. Griffin (1978), ‘A Review of the Effects of Vibration on Visual Acuity and Continuous Manual Control, Part II: Continuous Manual Control.’ PART III: Temperature and Ventilation16. S. Shibolet, M.C. Lancaster and Y. Danon (1976), ‘Heat Stroke: A Review.’17.J.F. Wing (1965), ‘Upper Thermal Tolerance Limits for Unimpaired Mental Performance.’18.I. Mekjavic and J. Bligh (1987), ‘The Pathophysiology of Hypothermia.’19. W.F. Fox (1967), ‘Human Performance in the Cold.’20. W.H. Teichener and J.L. Kobrick (1955), ‘Effects of Prolonged Exposure to Low Temperature on Visual-Motor Performance.’21. F.C. Houghten and C.P. Yagloglou (1923), ‘Determining Lines of Equal Comfort.’22. A.P. Gagge, J.A.J. Stolwijk and Y. Nishi (1971), ‘An Effective Temperature Scale Based on a Simple Model of Human Physiological Regulatory Response.’PART IV: Illumination23. M. Gilbert and R.G. Hopkinson (1949), ‘The Illumination of the Snellen Chart.’ 24. M. Luckiesh and L.L. Holladay (1925), ‘Glare and Visibility.’25.L.L. Holladay (1926), ‘The Fundamentals of Glare and Visibility.’26. R.G. Hopkinson, W.R. Stevens and J.M. Waldram (1941), ‘Brightness and Contrast in Illuminating Engineering.’27.H.R. Blackwell (1959), ‘Development and Use of a Quantitative Method for Specification of Interior Illumination Levels on the Basis of Performance Data.’PART V: The Working Environment28. M.J. Brookes and A. Kaplan (1972), ‘The Office Environment: Space Planning and Affective Behavior.’29.J. Nemecek and E. Grandjean (1973), ‘Noise in Landscaped Offices.’30. A. Hedge (1989), ‘Environmental Conditions and Health in Offices.’Name Index

Edited by David Oborne, Professor of Psychology and Head of Department of Psychology, University of Wales, Swansea, UK

• Contents: Volume IAcknowledgementsIntroductionPart I: Human Factors History and Philosophy1.P. Branton (1987), ‘In Praise of Ergonomics – A Personal Perspective.’2.F.V. Taylor and W.D. Garvey (1959), ‘The Limitations of a “Procrustean” Approach to the Optimization of Man-Machine Systems.’3. A. Chapanis (1965), ‘On the Allocation of Functions between Men and Machines.’PART II: Body Movement and Biomechanics4. K.H. Eberhard Kroemer (1970), ‘Human Strength: Terminology, Measurement and Interpretation of Data.’5.S. Pheasant & D. O’Neill (1975), ‘Performance in Gripping and Turning – A Study in Hand/Handle Effectiveness.’6. J. Duncan and D. Ferguson (1974), ‘Keyboard Operating Posture and Symptoms in Operating.’7. E. Grandjean, W. Hünting and M. Pidermann (1983), ‘VDT Workstation Design: Preferred Settings and Their Effects.’8. M. Wallace and P. Buckle (1987), ‘Ergonomic Aspects of Neck and Upper Limb Disorders.’PART III: Communication9.A. Chapanis (1965), ‘Words, Words, Words.’10.P. Wright (1977), ‘Presenting Technical Information: A Survey of Research Findings.’11. P. Wright (1986), ‘Phenomena, Function and Design: Does Information Make a Difference?’PART IV: Displays12. W.F. Grether (1949), “Instrument Reading. I: The Design of Long-Scale Indicators for Speed and Accuracy of Quantitative Readings.’13.M.I. Kurke (1956), ‘Evaluation of a Display Incorporating Quantitative and Check-Reading Characteristics.’14. S.L. Johnson and S.N. Roscoe (1972), ‘What Moves, the Airplane or the World?’15. J.M. Rolfe and M.F. Allnutt (1967), ‘Putting Man in the Picture.’PART V: CONTROLS16. A. Frievalds (1987), ‘The Ergonomics of Tools.’17. T.G. Moore (1974), ‘Tactile and Kinaesthetic Aspects of Push-Buttons.’18. J.V. Bradley (1969), ‘Optimum Knob Diameter.’19. J.V. Bradley (1969), ‘Desirable Dimensions for Concentric Controls.’PART VI: THE WORKSPACE20. K.H. Eberhard Kroemer (1972), ‘Human Engineering the Keyboard.’21. P.M. Fitts and C.M. Seeger (1953), ‘S-R Compatibility: Spatial Characteristics of Stimulus and Response Codes.’22. N.E. Loveless (1962), ‘Direction-of-Motion Stereotypes: A Review.’23. W.J. White, M.J. Warrick and W.F. Grether (1953), ‘Instrument Reading III: Check Reading of Instrument Groups.’24. J.V. Bradley (1969), ‘Optimum Knob Crowding.’25. J. Noyes (1983), ‘The QWERTY Keyboard: A Review.’26. D.A. Norman and D. Fisher (1982), ‘Why Alphabetic Keyboards are not Easy to Use: Keyboard Layout Doesn’t Much Matter.’27. A. Martin (1972), ‘A New Keyboard Layout.’28. R. Conrad and A.J. Hull (1968), ‘The Preferred Layout for Numeral Data-Entry Keysets.’PART VII: POSTURE AND SEATING29.W.F. Floyd and D.F. Roberts (1959), ‘Anatomical and Physiological Principles in Chair and Table Design.’30. P. Branton (1969), ‘Behaviour, Body Mechanics and Discomfort.’31. W. Hünting, Th. Läubli and E. Grandjean (1981), ‘Postural and Visual Loads at VDT Workplaces: I. Constrained Postures.’32. J. Jay Keegan and A.O. Radke (1964), ‘Designing Vehicle Seats for Greater Comfort.’33. M.J. Dainoff (1982), ‘Occupational Stress Factors in Visual Display Terminal (VDT) Operation: A Review of Empirical Research.’34. B.J.G. Andersson and R Örtengren, A Nachemson and G. Elfström (1974), ‘Lumbar Disk Pressure and Myoelectric Back Muscle Activity During Sitting. I. Studies on an Experimental Chair.’35. B.J.G. Andersson and R Örtengren, ‘Lumbar Disc Pressure and Myoelectric Back Muscle Activity During Sitting. III. Studies on a Wheel-Chair.’36. B.J.G. Andersson and R Örtengren, A Nachemson and G. Elfström (1974), “Lumbar Disc Pressure and Myoelectric Back Muscle Activity During Sitting. IV. Studies on a Car Driver’s Seat.’37. Å.C. Mandal (1976), ‘Work-Chair with Tilting Seat.’Name IndexCONTENTS: VOLUME IIAcknowledgementsPART I: NOISE1.K.D. Kryter and K.S. Pearsons (1963), ‘Some Effects of Spectral Content and Duration on Perceived Noise Level.’2. H.C.W. Stockbridge and M. Lee (1973), ‘The Psycho-Social Consequences of Aircraft Noise.’3. R. Ross A. Coles, G.R. Garinther, D.C. Hodge and C.G. Rice (1968), ‘Hazardous Exposure to Impulse Noise.’4.D.L. Johnson, C.W. Nixon and M.R. Stephenson (1976), ‘Long-Duration Exposure to Intermittent Noises.’5.J.C. Nixon and A. Glorig (1961), ‘Noise-Induced Permanent Threshold Shift at 2000 cps and 4000 cps.’6. D.E. Broadbent (1954), ‘Some Effects of Noise on Visual Performance.’7. E.C. Poulton (1977), ‘Continuous Intense Noise Masks Auditory Feedback and Inner Speech.’8. E.C. Poulton (1978), ‘A New Look at the Effects of Noise: A Rejoinder.’9. S.S. Stevens (1972), ‘Stability of Human Performance under Intense Noise.’10.J.G. Fox (1971), ‘Background Music and Industrial Efficiency – A Review.’11. S. Cohen and N. Weinstein (1981), ‘Nonauditory Effects of Noise on Behavior and Health.’PART II: Vibration12.J.C. Guignard and A. Irving (1960), ‘Effects of Low Frequency Vibration on Man.’13.R.R. Coermann (1962), ‘The Mechanical Impedance of the Human Body in Sitting and Standing Position at Low Frequencies.’14. M.J. Griffin and C.H. Lewis (1978), ‘A Review of the Effects of Vibration on Visual Acuity and Continuous Manual Control, Part I: Visual Acuity.’15. C.H. Lewis and M.J. Griffin (1978), ‘A Review of the Effects of Vibration on Visual Acuity and Continuous Manual Control, Part II: Continuous Manual Control.’ PART III: Temperature and Ventilation16. S. Shibolet, M.C. Lancaster and Y. Danon (1976), ‘Heat Stroke: A Review.’17.J.F. Wing (1965), ‘Upper Thermal Tolerance Limits for Unimpaired Mental Performance.’18.I. Mekjavic and J. Bligh (1987), ‘The Pathophysiology of Hypothermia.’19. W.F. Fox (1967), ‘Human Performance in the Cold.’20. W.H. Teichener and J.L. Kobrick (1955), ‘Effects of Prolonged Exposure to Low Temperature on Visual-Motor Performance.’21. F.C. Houghten and C.P. Yagloglou (1923), ‘Determining Lines of Equal Comfort.’22. A.P. Gagge, J.A.J. Stolwijk and Y. Nishi (1971), ‘An Effective Temperature Scale Based on a Simple Model of Human Physiological Regulatory Response.’PART IV: Illumination23. M. Gilbert and R.G. Hopkinson (1949), ‘The Illumination of the Snellen Chart.’ 24. M. Luckiesh and L.L. Holladay (1925), ‘Glare and Visibility.’25.L.L. Holladay (1926), ‘The Fundamentals of Glare and Visibility.’26. R.G. Hopkinson, W.R. Stevens and J.M. Waldram (1941), ‘Brightness and Contrast in Illuminating Engineering.’27.H.R. Blackwell (1959), ‘Development and Use of a Quantitative Method for Specification of Interior Illumination Levels on the Basis of Performance Data.’PART V: The Working Environment28. M.J. Brookes and A. Kaplan (1972), ‘The Office Environment: Space Planning and Affective Behavior.’29.J. Nemecek and E. Grandjean (1973), ‘Noise in Landscaped Offices.’30. A. Hedge (1989), ‘Environmental Conditions and Health in Offices.’Name Index