Barbara Rawlings has worked in a hierarchical therapeutic community for drug users and a democratic therapeutic community for adolescents with behavioural difficulties, as well as conducting reviews on TCs for the Prison Service of England and Wales and the High Security Psychiatric Services Commissioning Board. She is an Honorary Fellow in the Department of Sociology at the University of Manchester, and is currently conducting qualitative research in therapeutic communities. Rowdy Yates is director of the Scottish Drugs Training Project at the University of Stirling. He was previously the Director of a non-residential treatment service for drug users for more than two decades. He is the Executive President of the European Working Group on Drugs Oriented Research (EWODOR) and an associate member of the European Federation of Therapeutic Communities.

Therapeutic Communities 4'Authoritative, prescriptive and inflexible chapters are balanced by more personal portraits of therapeutic communities.'

• Introduction, Barbara Rawlings and Rowdy Yates. Part One: Background. 1. Therapeutic Communities for drug users: description and overview, Eric Broekhaert, University of Ghent,Belgium. 2. Democratic and concept-based Therapeutic Communities and the development of community therapy, Salvatore Raimo, CEIS Verona, Italy. Part Two: Situation Worldwide. 3. The history of Therapeutic Communities: a view from Europe, Martien Kooyman, Emiliehoeve Therapeutic Community and Erasmus University, the Netherlands. 4. Therapeutic Communities for substance abuse: developments in North America, George De Leon, Center for Therapeutic Community Research, National Development and Research Institutes, Inc, New York. 5. Therapeutic Communities for the treatment of addictions in Australia, Clive F. Lloyd and Frances V. O'Callaghan, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia. Part Three: Life in the Therapeutic Community. 6. The staff member in the Therapeutic Community, Alan Woodhams, New Directions Therapeutic Community, HMP Channings Wood, England. 7. Self-help or sink-or-swim? The experience of residents in a UK concept-based Therapeutic Community, Keith Burnett, CAN, Northampton, England. 8. The ex-resident experience of working as a staff member in a Therapeutic Community, Staff from the Ley Community, Oxford, England. Part Four: Modifications to the Therapeutic Community Model. 9. Therapeutic Communities for drug-misusing offenders in prison, Peter Mason, Diana Mason and Nadia Brooks, PDM Consulting, London. 10. The modern Therapeutic Community: dual diagnosis and the process of change, Rowdy Yates and Jane Wilson, University of Stirling, Scotland. 11. The significance of resettlement support on completion of a drug rehabilitation Therapeutic Community program, Paul Goodman and Karen Nolan, the Ley Community, Oxford, EnglandPart Five: Research and Evaluation. 12. Evaluative research in Therapeutic Communities,Barbara Rawlings. 13. An outcome study of a Therapeutic Community based in the community: a five-year prospective study of drug users in Norway, Edle Ravndal, National Institute for Alcohol and Drug Research, Norway. 14. Therapeutic Communities in prisons and work release: effective modalities for drug-involved offenders, James A. Inciardi, Steven S. Martin and Hilary L. Surratt, Center for Drug and Alcohol Studies, University of Delaware, USA.References. Index.

Barbara Rawlings has worked in a hierarchical therapeutic community for drug users and a democratic therapeutic community for adolescents with behavioural difficulties, as well as conducting reviews on TCs for the Prison Service of England and Wales and the High Security Psychiatric Services Commissioning Board. She is an Honorary Fellow in the Department of Sociology at the University of Manchester, and is currently conducting qualitative research in therapeutic communities. Rowdy Yates is director of the Scottish Drugs Training Project at the University of Stirling. He was previously the Director of a non-residential treatment service for drug users for more than two decades. He is the Executive President of the European Working Group on Drugs Oriented Research (EWODOR) and an associate member of the European Federation of Therapeutic Communities.

Therapeutic Communities 4'Authoritative, prescriptive and inflexible chapters are balanced by more personal portraits of therapeutic communities.'

• Introduction, Barbara Rawlings and Rowdy Yates. Part One: Background. 1. Therapeutic Communities for drug users: description and overview, Eric Broekhaert, University of Ghent,Belgium. 2. Democratic and concept-based Therapeutic Communities and the development of community therapy, Salvatore Raimo, CEIS Verona, Italy. Part Two: Situation Worldwide. 3. The history of Therapeutic Communities: a view from Europe, Martien Kooyman, Emiliehoeve Therapeutic Community and Erasmus University, the Netherlands. 4. Therapeutic Communities for substance abuse: developments in North America, George De Leon, Center for Therapeutic Community Research, National Development and Research Institutes, Inc, New York. 5. Therapeutic Communities for the treatment of addictions in Australia, Clive F. Lloyd and Frances V. O'Callaghan, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia. Part Three: Life in the Therapeutic Community. 6. The staff member in the Therapeutic Community, Alan Woodhams, New Directions Therapeutic Community, HMP Channings Wood, England. 7. Self-help or sink-or-swim? The experience of residents in a UK concept-based Therapeutic Community, Keith Burnett, CAN, Northampton, England. 8. The ex-resident experience of working as a staff member in a Therapeutic Community, Staff from the Ley Community, Oxford, England. Part Four: Modifications to the Therapeutic Community Model. 9. Therapeutic Communities for drug-misusing offenders in prison, Peter Mason, Diana Mason and Nadia Brooks, PDM Consulting, London. 10. The modern Therapeutic Community: dual diagnosis and the process of change, Rowdy Yates and Jane Wilson, University of Stirling, Scotland. 11. The significance of resettlement support on completion of a drug rehabilitation Therapeutic Community program, Paul Goodman and Karen Nolan, the Ley Community, Oxford, EnglandPart Five: Research and Evaluation. 12. Evaluative research in Therapeutic Communities,Barbara Rawlings. 13. An outcome study of a Therapeutic Community based in the community: a five-year prospective study of drug users in Norway, Edle Ravndal, National Institute for Alcohol and Drug Research, Norway. 14. Therapeutic Communities in prisons and work release: effective modalities for drug-involved offenders, James A. Inciardi, Steven S. Martin and Hilary L. Surratt, Center for Drug and Alcohol Studies, University of Delaware, USA.References. Index.

Barbara Rawlings has worked in a hierarchical therapeutic community for drug users and a democratic therapeutic community for adolescents with behavioural difficulties, as well as conducting reviews on TCs for the Prison Service of England and Wales and the High Security Psychiatric Services Commissioning Board. She is an Honorary Fellow in the Department of Sociology at the University of Manchester, and is currently conducting qualitative research in therapeutic communities. Rowdy Yates is director of the Scottish Drugs Training Project at the University of Stirling. He was previously the Director of a non-residential treatment service for drug users for more than two decades. He is the Executive President of the European Working Group on Drugs Oriented Research (EWODOR) and an associate member of the European Federation of Therapeutic Communities.

Therapeutic Communities 4'Authoritative, prescriptive and inflexible chapters are balanced by more personal portraits of therapeutic communities.'

• Introduction, Barbara Rawlings and Rowdy Yates. Part One: Background. 1. Therapeutic Communities for drug users: description and overview, Eric Broekhaert, University of Ghent,Belgium. 2. Democratic and concept-based Therapeutic Communities and the development of community therapy, Salvatore Raimo, CEIS Verona, Italy. Part Two: Situation Worldwide. 3. The history of Therapeutic Communities: a view from Europe, Martien Kooyman, Emiliehoeve Therapeutic Community and Erasmus University, the Netherlands. 4. Therapeutic Communities for substance abuse: developments in North America, George De Leon, Center for Therapeutic Community Research, National Development and Research Institutes, Inc, New York. 5. Therapeutic Communities for the treatment of addictions in Australia, Clive F. Lloyd and Frances V. O'Callaghan, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia. Part Three: Life in the Therapeutic Community. 6. The staff member in the Therapeutic Community, Alan Woodhams, New Directions Therapeutic Community, HMP Channings Wood, England. 7. Self-help or sink-or-swim? The experience of residents in a UK concept-based Therapeutic Community, Keith Burnett, CAN, Northampton, England. 8. The ex-resident experience of working as a staff member in a Therapeutic Community, Staff from the Ley Community, Oxford, England. Part Four: Modifications to the Therapeutic Community Model. 9. Therapeutic Communities for drug-misusing offenders in prison, Peter Mason, Diana Mason and Nadia Brooks, PDM Consulting, London. 10. The modern Therapeutic Community: dual diagnosis and the process of change, Rowdy Yates and Jane Wilson, University of Stirling, Scotland. 11. The significance of resettlement support on completion of a drug rehabilitation Therapeutic Community program, Paul Goodman and Karen Nolan, the Ley Community, Oxford, EnglandPart Five: Research and Evaluation. 12. Evaluative research in Therapeutic Communities,Barbara Rawlings. 13. An outcome study of a Therapeutic Community based in the community: a five-year prospective study of drug users in Norway, Edle Ravndal, National Institute for Alcohol and Drug Research, Norway. 14. Therapeutic Communities in prisons and work release: effective modalities for drug-involved offenders, James A. Inciardi, Steven S. Martin and Hilary L. Surratt, Center for Drug and Alcohol Studies, University of Delaware, USA.References. Index.