Identification and Treatment of Gait Problems in Cerebral Palsy

James R. Gage, MD (Medical Director Emeritus, Gillette Children's Specialty Healthcare, St Paul, Minnesota; Professor of Orthopaedics Emeritus, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA).Michael H. Schwartz, PhD (Director of Bioengineering Research, Gillette Children’s Specialty Healthcare, St Paul, Minnesota; Associate Professor, Orthopaedic Surgery Graduate Faculty, Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA)Steven E. Koop, MD (Medical Director, Gillette Children’s Specialty Healthcare, St Paul, Minnesota; Associate Professor of Orthopaedics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA)Tom F. Novacheck, MD (Director, Center for Gait and Motion Analysis, Gillette Children’s Specialty Healthcare, St Paul, Minnesota; Associate Professor of Orthopaedics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA).

"It is an excellent book which should be read by all clinicians caring for patients with CP. This book provides an excellent starting point for approaching understanding and treatment to improve the lives of our patients with CP." (J Child Orthop, 2010)

• PART 1: GAIT PROBLEMS IN CEREBRAL PALSYSECTION 1 TYPICAL MUSCULOSKELETAL DEVELOPMENT1.1 THE NEURAL CONTROL OF MOVEMENTWarwick J. Peacock (San Francisco, California, USA)1.2 MUSCULOSKELETAL GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENTSteven E. Koop (St Paul, Minnesota, USA)1.3 NORMAL GAITJames R. Gage and Michael H. Schwartz (St Paul, Minnnesota, USA)SECTION 2: GAIT PATHOLOGY IN INDIVIDUALS WITH CEREBRAL PALSY2.1 MECHANISMS AND MANIFESTATIONS OF NEONATAL BRAIN INJURYAdré DuPlessis (Boston, Massachusetts, USA)2.2 THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF SPASTICITYWarwick J. Peacock (San Francisco, California, USA)2.3 BASAL GANGLIA INJURY AND RESULTING MOVEMENT DISORDERSLeland Albright (Madison, Wisconsin, USA)2.4 CONSEQUENCES OF BRAIN INJURY ON MUSCULOSKELETAL DEVELOPMENTJames R. Gage and Michael H. Schwartz (St Paul, Minnesota, USA)2.5 MUSCLE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION IN CEREBRAL PALSYAdam P. Shortland, Nicola R. Fry, Anne E. McNee and Martin Gough (London, UK)2.6 CLASSIFICATION OF CEREBRAL PALSY AND PATTERNS OF GAIT PATHOLOGYSylvia Õunpuu (Hartford, Connnecticut, USA), Pam Thomason (Melbourne, Australia), Adrienne Harvey (Melbourne, Australia) and H. Kerr Graham (Melbourne, Australia)2.7 NATURAL HISTORY OF AMBULATION WITH CEREBRAL PALSYSteven E. Koop (St Paul, Minnesota, USA)SECTION 3: PATIENT ASSESSMENT3.1 CLINICAL ASSESSMENTJoyce P. Trost (St Paul, Minnesota, USA)3.2 FOOT BIOMECHANICS AND PATHOLOGYSusan Sohrweide (St Paul, Minnesota, USA)3.3 NEUROIMAGING OF THE BRAINBeverly Wical (St Paul, Minnesota, USA)3.4 RAGIOGRAPHIC EVALUATION OF THE PATIENT WITH CEREBRAL PALSYKevinWalker (St Paul, Minnesota, USA)3.5 GAIT ANALSIS: KINEMATICS, KINETICS, EMG AND OXYGENJames R. Gage and Jean Stout (St Paul, Minnesota, USA)3.6 MODELING AND SIMULATION OF NORMAL AND PATHOLOGICAL GAITJennifer L. Hicks (Stanford, California, USA), Michael H. Schwartz (St Paul, Minneosta, USA) and Scott L. Delp (Stanford, California, USA)PART 2: TREATMENTSECTION 4: NON-OPERATIVE TREATMENT4.1 PHYSICAL THERAPYSusan Murr and Katie Walt (St Paul, Minnesota, USA)4.2 ORTHOSESTom F. Novacheck, Gary J. Kroll, George Gent, Adam Rozumalski, Camilla Beattie and Michael H. Schwartz (St Paul, Minnesota, USA)4.3 PHARMACOLOGICALTREATMENT WITH ORAL MEDICATIONSMarcie Ward (St Paul, USA)4.4 PHARMACOLOGICAL TREATMENT WITH BOTULINUM TOXINKaat Desloovere and Guy Molenaers (Leuven, Belgium)SECTION 5: OPERATIVE TREATMENT5.1 TREATMENT OF SPASTICITY WITH INTRATHECAL BACLOFENLinda E. Krach (St Paul, Minneosta, USA)5.2 TREATMENT OF SPASTICITY WITH SELECTIVE DORSAL RHIZOTOMYJoyce P. Trost, Mary E. Dunn, Linda E. Krach, Tom F. Novacheck and Michael H. Schwartz (St Paul, Minnesota, USA)5.3 NEUROSURGICAL TREATMENT OF DYSTONIALeland Albright (Madison, Wisconsin, USA)5.4 REHABILITATION FOLLOWING SPASTICITY REDUCTIONLinda E. Krach (St Paul, Minnesota, USA)5.5 ORTHOPAEDIC TREATMENT OF MUSCLE CONTRACTURESTom F. Novacheck (St Paul, Minnesota, USA)5.6 ORTHOPAEDIC TREATMENT OF LONG-BONE TORSIONSJames R. Gage (St Paul, Minnesota, USA)5.7 ORTHOPAEDIC TREATMENT OF HIP DYSPLASIAHenry G. Chambers (San Diego, California, USA)5.8 ORTHOPAEDIC TREATMENT OF FOOT DEFORMITIESJon R. Davids (Greenville, South Carolina, USA)5.9 POSTOPERATIVE CARE AND REHABILITATIONSteven E. Koop and Susan Murr (St Paul, Minnesota, USA)5.10 GENERAL ISSUES OF RECURRENCE WITH GROWTHJames R. Gage (St Paul, Minnesota, USA)5.11 TREATMENT OF CROUCH GAITJean Stout, Tom F. Novacheck, James R. Gage and Michael H. Schwartz (St Paul, Minnesota, USA)SECTION 6: ASSESMENT OF OUTCOME6.1 MEASUREMENT TOOLS AND METHODSAdrienne Harvey, Pam Thomason and H. Kerr Graham (Melbourne, Australia)6.2 CONSEQUENCES OF INTERVENTIONSPam Thomason and H. Kerr Graham (Melbourne, Australia)