Here is a juxtaposition of the personal and inter-communal dynamics focussed on the West African experience during the pivotal decade of the 1960s, when National Independence demanded a reflexion on the definition of the new states, and how external factors have borne heavily upon their past, present and future. The author blends his experience of study and travel in the region, acknowledging his debt to the pioneering spirit of the School of Oriental and African Studies who facilitated the enterprise, with an analysis of the challenges the new entities have faced, and how they have fared, nationally and globally, in the light of Slavery, Colonialism and Black Lives Matter.

Here is a juxtaposition of the personal and inter-communal dynamics focussed on the West African experience during the pivotal decade of the 1960s, when National Independence demanded a reflexion on the definition of the new states, and how external factors have borne heavily upon their past, present and future. The author blends his experience of study and travel in the region, acknowledging his debt to the pioneering spirit of the School of Oriental and African Studies who facilitated the enterprise, with an analysis of the challenges the new entities have faced, and how they have fared, nationally and globally, in the light of Slavery, Colonialism and Black Lives Matter.