Thomas C. Johnson is director of the Large Lakes Observatory at the University of Minnesota in Duluth. In 1975 he obtained his Ph.D. in oceanography from the Scripps Institution of Oceanography at UCSD in LaJolla, California. Dr. Johnson has authored and coauthored more than 62 publications. He is the originator and present director of IDEAL., Eric O. Odada is a professor of geology at the University of Nairobi, Kenya. He received his Ph.D. in applied marine geochemistry in 1986 from Imperial College, London University. Dr. Odada is currently scientific liaison in Africa for the Past Global Changes (PAGES) Core Project, a part of the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP). He is scientific coordinator for the IDEAL project.

• Introduction, Acknowledgments, Tectonic Setting of the East African Lakes, Tectonic Controls on the Development of Rift-Basin Lakes and Their Sedimentary Character: Examples from the East African Rift System, East African Climate, A Review of Climate Dynamics and Climate Variability in Eastern Africa, Sensitivity of Subtropical African and Asian Climate to Prescribed Boundary Condition Changes: Model Implications for the Plio-Pleistocene Evolution of Low-Latitude Climate, Isotope Patterns of Precipitation in the East African Region, African River Discharges and Lake Levels in the Twentieth Century, Physical Limnology, Comparison of Hydrology and Physical Limnology of the East African Great Lakes: Tanganyika, Malawi, Victoria, Kivu and Turkana (with Reference to Some North American Great Lakes), The Present Physicochemical Ecology of Lake Victoria, Uganda, Measurement of Water Currents, Temperature, Dissolved Oxygen and Winds on the Kenyan Lake Victoria, CTD-Transmissometer Profiles from Lakes Malawi and Turkana, Combined Effects of Dissolved Solids and Temperature on the Density Stratification of Lake Malawi, Aquatic Chemistry, Phosphorus Pumps, Nitrogen Sinks and Silicon Drains: Plumbing Nutrients in the African Great Lakes, Pore Water Chemistry of an Alkaline Lake: Lake Turkana, Kenya, Seasonal Variation in the Nitrogen Isotopic Composition of Sediment Trap Materials Collected in Lake Malawi, The Chemical Composition of Precipitation and Its Significance to the Nutrient Budget of Lake Malawi, Residence Times of Major Ions in Lake Naivasha, Kenya, and Their Relationship to Lake Hydrology, Food Webs and Fisheries, Pelagic Food Webs of the East African Great Lakes, Molecular Phylogenetic Inferences About the Evolutionary History of East African Cichlid Fish Radiations, Anthropogenic Impact on Fisheries Resources of Lake Naivasha, Zooplankton Dynamics in Lake Victoria, A Review of Lake Victoria Fisheries with Recommendations for Management and Conservation, Sedimentary Processes and Deciphering the Past in the Large Lakes, Sedimentary Processes and Signals of Past Climatic Change in the Large Lakes of the East African Rift Valley, Some Aspects of the Physical and Chemical Dynamics of a Large Rift Lake: The Lake Turkana North Basin, Northwest Kenya, Comparison of the Isotope Record in Micrite, Lake Turkana, with the Historical Weather Record Over the Last Century, Distribution and Origin of Clay Minerals in the Sediments of Lake Malawi, Characteristics and Origins of Laminated Ferromanganese Nodules from Lake Malawi, Central Africa, Early Holocene Changes in Lake Level and Productivity in Lake Malawi as Interpreted from Oxygen and Carbon Isotopic Measurements of Authigenic Carbonates, Late Quaternary Lake-Level Changes of Lake Malawi, Structural Framework, Sequence Stratigraphy and Lake Level Variations in the Livingstone Basin (Northern Lake Malawi): First Results of a High-Resolution Reflection Seismic Study, Recent Ecosystem Changes in Lake Victoria Reflected in Sedimentary Natural and Anthropogenic Organic Compounds, The Formation of Vivianite-Rich Nodules in Lake Victoria, Late Pleistocene Lake-Level Fluctuations in the Naivasha Basin, Kenya, Comparative Paleolimnology in a System of Four Shallow Tropical Lake Basins, Impact of Man, Anthropogenic Threats, Impacts and Conservation Strategies in the African Great Lakes: A Review, Anthropogenic Perturbations on the Lake Victoria Ecosystem, Growing Impact of Water Hyacinth on Nearshore Environments on Lakes Victoria and Kyoga (East Africa), Preliminary Studies on the Effects of Water Hyacinth on the Diversity, Abundance and Ecology of the Littoral Fish Fauna in Lake Victoria, Uganda, Historical Note, Early Research on East African Lakes: An Historical Sketch

Thomas C. Johnson is director of the Large Lakes Observatory at the University of Minnesota in Duluth. In 1975 he obtained his Ph.D. in oceanography from the Scripps Institution of Oceanography at UCSD in LaJolla, California. Dr. Johnson has authored and coauthored more than 62 publications. He is the originator and present director of IDEAL., Eric O. Odada is a professor of geology at the University of Nairobi, Kenya. He received his Ph.D. in applied marine geochemistry in 1986 from Imperial College, London University. Dr. Odada is currently scientific liaison in Africa for the Past Global Changes (PAGES) Core Project, a part of the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP). He is scientific coordinator for the IDEAL project.

• Introduction, Acknowledgments, Tectonic Setting of the East African Lakes, Tectonic Controls on the Development of Rift-Basin Lakes and Their Sedimentary Character: Examples from the East African Rift System, East African Climate, A Review of Climate Dynamics and Climate Variability in Eastern Africa, Sensitivity of Subtropical African and Asian Climate to Prescribed Boundary Condition Changes: Model Implications for the Plio-Pleistocene Evolution of Low-Latitude Climate, Isotope Patterns of Precipitation in the East African Region, African River Discharges and Lake Levels in the Twentieth Century, Physical Limnology, Comparison of Hydrology and Physical Limnology of the East African Great Lakes: Tanganyika, Malawi, Victoria, Kivu and Turkana (with Reference to Some North American Great Lakes), The Present Physicochemical Ecology of Lake Victoria, Uganda, Measurement of Water Currents, Temperature, Dissolved Oxygen and Winds on the Kenyan Lake Victoria, CTD-Transmissometer Profiles from Lakes Malawi and Turkana, Combined Effects of Dissolved Solids and Temperature on the Density Stratification of Lake Malawi, Aquatic Chemistry, Phosphorus Pumps, Nitrogen Sinks and Silicon Drains: Plumbing Nutrients in the African Great Lakes, Pore Water Chemistry of an Alkaline Lake: Lake Turkana, Kenya, Seasonal Variation in the Nitrogen Isotopic Composition of Sediment Trap Materials Collected in Lake Malawi, The Chemical Composition of Precipitation and Its Significance to the Nutrient Budget of Lake Malawi, Residence Times of Major Ions in Lake Naivasha, Kenya, and Their Relationship to Lake Hydrology, Food Webs and Fisheries, Pelagic Food Webs of the East African Great Lakes, Molecular Phylogenetic Inferences About the Evolutionary History of East African Cichlid Fish Radiations, Anthropogenic Impact on Fisheries Resources of Lake Naivasha, Zooplankton Dynamics in Lake Victoria, A Review of Lake Victoria Fisheries with Recommendations for Management and Conservation, Sedimentary Processes and Deciphering the Past in the Large Lakes, Sedimentary Processes and Signals of Past Climatic Change in the Large Lakes of the East African Rift Valley, Some Aspects of the Physical and Chemical Dynamics of a Large Rift Lake: The Lake Turkana North Basin, Northwest Kenya, Comparison of the Isotope Record in Micrite, Lake Turkana, with the Historical Weather Record Over the Last Century, Distribution and Origin of Clay Minerals in the Sediments of Lake Malawi, Characteristics and Origins of Laminated Ferromanganese Nodules from Lake Malawi, Central Africa, Early Holocene Changes in Lake Level and Productivity in Lake Malawi as Interpreted from Oxygen and Carbon Isotopic Measurements of Authigenic Carbonates, Late Quaternary Lake-Level Changes of Lake Malawi, Structural Framework, Sequence Stratigraphy and Lake Level Variations in the Livingstone Basin (Northern Lake Malawi): First Results of a High-Resolution Reflection Seismic Study, Recent Ecosystem Changes in Lake Victoria Reflected in Sedimentary Natural and Anthropogenic Organic Compounds, The Formation of Vivianite-Rich Nodules in Lake Victoria, Late Pleistocene Lake-Level Fluctuations in the Naivasha Basin, Kenya, Comparative Paleolimnology in a System of Four Shallow Tropical Lake Basins, Impact of Man, Anthropogenic Threats, Impacts and Conservation Strategies in the African Great Lakes: A Review, Anthropogenic Perturbations on the Lake Victoria Ecosystem, Growing Impact of Water Hyacinth on Nearshore Environments on Lakes Victoria and Kyoga (East Africa), Preliminary Studies on the Effects of Water Hyacinth on the Diversity, Abundance and Ecology of the Littoral Fish Fauna in Lake Victoria, Uganda, Historical Note, Early Research on East African Lakes: An Historical Sketch

Thomas C. Johnson is director of the Large Lakes Observatory at the University of Minnesota in Duluth. In 1975 he obtained his Ph.D. in oceanography from the Scripps Institution of Oceanography at UCSD in LaJolla, California. Dr. Johnson has authored and coauthored more than 62 publications. He is the originator and present director of IDEAL., Eric O. Odada is a professor of geology at the University of Nairobi, Kenya. He received his Ph.D. in applied marine geochemistry in 1986 from Imperial College, London University. Dr. Odada is currently scientific liaison in Africa for the Past Global Changes (PAGES) Core Project, a part of the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP). He is scientific coordinator for the IDEAL project.

• Introduction, Acknowledgments, Tectonic Setting of the East African Lakes, Tectonic Controls on the Development of Rift-Basin Lakes and Their Sedimentary Character: Examples from the East African Rift System, East African Climate, A Review of Climate Dynamics and Climate Variability in Eastern Africa, Sensitivity of Subtropical African and Asian Climate to Prescribed Boundary Condition Changes: Model Implications for the Plio-Pleistocene Evolution of Low-Latitude Climate, Isotope Patterns of Precipitation in the East African Region, African River Discharges and Lake Levels in the Twentieth Century, Physical Limnology, Comparison of Hydrology and Physical Limnology of the East African Great Lakes: Tanganyika, Malawi, Victoria, Kivu and Turkana (with Reference to Some North American Great Lakes), The Present Physicochemical Ecology of Lake Victoria, Uganda, Measurement of Water Currents, Temperature, Dissolved Oxygen and Winds on the Kenyan Lake Victoria, CTD-Transmissometer Profiles from Lakes Malawi and Turkana, Combined Effects of Dissolved Solids and Temperature on the Density Stratification of Lake Malawi, Aquatic Chemistry, Phosphorus Pumps, Nitrogen Sinks and Silicon Drains: Plumbing Nutrients in the African Great Lakes, Pore Water Chemistry of an Alkaline Lake: Lake Turkana, Kenya, Seasonal Variation in the Nitrogen Isotopic Composition of Sediment Trap Materials Collected in Lake Malawi, The Chemical Composition of Precipitation and Its Significance to the Nutrient Budget of Lake Malawi, Residence Times of Major Ions in Lake Naivasha, Kenya, and Their Relationship to Lake Hydrology, Food Webs and Fisheries, Pelagic Food Webs of the East African Great Lakes, Molecular Phylogenetic Inferences About the Evolutionary History of East African Cichlid Fish Radiations, Anthropogenic Impact on Fisheries Resources of Lake Naivasha, Zooplankton Dynamics in Lake Victoria, A Review of Lake Victoria Fisheries with Recommendations for Management and Conservation, Sedimentary Processes and Deciphering the Past in the Large Lakes, Sedimentary Processes and Signals of Past Climatic Change in the Large Lakes of the East African Rift Valley, Some Aspects of the Physical and Chemical Dynamics of a Large Rift Lake: The Lake Turkana North Basin, Northwest Kenya, Comparison of the Isotope Record in Micrite, Lake Turkana, with the Historical Weather Record Over the Last Century, Distribution and Origin of Clay Minerals in the Sediments of Lake Malawi, Characteristics and Origins of Laminated Ferromanganese Nodules from Lake Malawi, Central Africa, Early Holocene Changes in Lake Level and Productivity in Lake Malawi as Interpreted from Oxygen and Carbon Isotopic Measurements of Authigenic Carbonates, Late Quaternary Lake-Level Changes of Lake Malawi, Structural Framework, Sequence Stratigraphy and Lake Level Variations in the Livingstone Basin (Northern Lake Malawi): First Results of a High-Resolution Reflection Seismic Study, Recent Ecosystem Changes in Lake Victoria Reflected in Sedimentary Natural and Anthropogenic Organic Compounds, The Formation of Vivianite-Rich Nodules in Lake Victoria, Late Pleistocene Lake-Level Fluctuations in the Naivasha Basin, Kenya, Comparative Paleolimnology in a System of Four Shallow Tropical Lake Basins, Impact of Man, Anthropogenic Threats, Impacts and Conservation Strategies in the African Great Lakes: A Review, Anthropogenic Perturbations on the Lake Victoria Ecosystem, Growing Impact of Water Hyacinth on Nearshore Environments on Lakes Victoria and Kyoga (East Africa), Preliminary Studies on the Effects of Water Hyacinth on the Diversity, Abundance and Ecology of the Littoral Fish Fauna in Lake Victoria, Uganda, Historical Note, Early Research on East African Lakes: An Historical Sketch