Ernesto U. Savona is Director of Transcrime, Professor of Criminology at the Università Cattolica, and Editor in Chief of the European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research. He was also nominated President of the European Society of Criminology for the years 2003/2004. Hehas been consultant to the United Nations, Council of Europe (where he was appointed one of the seven members of the Scientific and Criminological Council in 1996), the European Union, and various national governments. From 1990 to 1994, he was visiting fellow and project director at the National Institute of Justice, Research Centre of the U.S. Dept. of Justice, Washington, D.C., where he was manager of two projects on organized crime and international money laundering. Rob T. Guerette is Professor of Criminology and Criminal Justice in the Steven J. Green School for International and Public Affairs at Florida International University (FIU). He has published extensively in the areas of transnational crime, program and policy evaluation, and crime pattern analysis for crime prevention. In addition to his work analyzing domestic crime patterns, his research has focused on human smuggling and kidnapping for ransom. He was a Fellow at the Eagleton Institute of Politics, Rutgers University, and a U.S. Fulbright Specialist to Iceland in 2021.Alberto Aziani is Assistant Professor of Criminology at the Faculty of Political and Social Sciences at Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore of Milan and Researcher at Transcrime. His main research interests are organized crime and illicit markets. On these topics, he has conducted studies and developed projects for international organizations and funding institutions. He cooperates with the UN and the EC in research projects related to illicit drug trafficking and money laundering.

• Chapter1. Introduction to “The Evolution of Illicit Flows: Displacement and Convergence among Transnational Crime”.- Part1. Concepts, Theories, History, and Perspectives.- Chapter2. The Displacement and Convergence of Transnational Crime Flows.- Chapter3. Trafficking in the Mediterranean World: A Historical Perspective.- Chapter4. Human Smuggling in the Mediterranean: A Comparative Analysis of the Central and Eastern Mediterranean Smuggling Routes.- Chapter5. Global Cocaine Flows, Geographical Displacement, and Crime Convergence.- Part2. Topical Analyses in Convergence and Displacement of Transnational Crimes.- Chapter6. Human Smuggling in North Africa: A Preliminary Exploration of Macro- and Micro-level Displacement Effects.- Chapter7. Displacement of human smuggling: An exploratory analysis of the effects of Law 82/2016 in Egypt.- Chapter8. Can Migration Flows be Controlled? The Effects of the Italian 2017–2018 Policy Against Illegal Immigration.- Chapter9. Does Human Smuggling Converge with Other Transnational Crimes in North Africa and the Mediterranean Area?.- Chapter10. Structure and Evolution of Drug Trafficking Networks in North Africa: The Impact of Rule of Law and Corruption.- Part3. Implications, Current Trends and Future Directions.- Chapter11. Human trafficking in the MENA region: trends and perspectives.- Chapter12. Future Directions in the Study of Displacement and Convergence among Transnational Crime Flows.

Ernesto U. Savona is Director of Transcrime, Professor of Criminology at the Università Cattolica, and Editor in Chief of the European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research. He was also nominated President of the European Society of Criminology for the years 2003/2004. Hehas been consultant to the United Nations, Council of Europe (where he was appointed one of the seven members of the Scientific and Criminological Council in 1996), the European Union, and various national governments. From 1990 to 1994, he was visiting fellow and project director at the National Institute of Justice, Research Centre of the U.S. Dept. of Justice, Washington, D.C., where he was manager of two projects on organized crime and international money laundering. Rob T. Guerette is Professor of Criminology and Criminal Justice in the Steven J. Green School for International and Public Affairs at Florida International University (FIU). He has published extensively in the areas of transnational crime, program and policy evaluation, and crime pattern analysis for crime prevention. In addition to his work analyzing domestic crime patterns, his research has focused on human smuggling and kidnapping for ransom. He was a Fellow at the Eagleton Institute of Politics, Rutgers University, and a U.S. Fulbright Specialist to Iceland in 2021.Alberto Aziani is Assistant Professor of Criminology at the Faculty of Political and Social Sciences at Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore of Milan and Researcher at Transcrime. His main research interests are organized crime and illicit markets. On these topics, he has conducted studies and developed projects for international organizations and funding institutions. He cooperates with the UN and the EC in research projects related to illicit drug trafficking and money laundering.

• Chapter1. Introduction to “The Evolution of Illicit Flows: Displacement and Convergence among Transnational Crime”.- Part1. Concepts, Theories, History, and Perspectives.- Chapter2. The Displacement and Convergence of Transnational Crime Flows.- Chapter3. Trafficking in the Mediterranean World: A Historical Perspective.- Chapter4. Human Smuggling in the Mediterranean: A Comparative Analysis of the Central and Eastern Mediterranean Smuggling Routes.- Chapter5. Global Cocaine Flows, Geographical Displacement, and Crime Convergence.- Part2. Topical Analyses in Convergence and Displacement of Transnational Crimes.- Chapter6. Human Smuggling in North Africa: A Preliminary Exploration of Macro- and Micro-level Displacement Effects.- Chapter7. Displacement of human smuggling: An exploratory analysis of the effects of Law 82/2016 in Egypt.- Chapter8. Can Migration Flows be Controlled? The Effects of the Italian 2017–2018 Policy Against Illegal Immigration.- Chapter9. Does Human Smuggling Converge with Other Transnational Crimes in North Africa and the Mediterranean Area?.- Chapter10. Structure and Evolution of Drug Trafficking Networks in North Africa: The Impact of Rule of Law and Corruption.- Part3. Implications, Current Trends and Future Directions.- Chapter11. Human trafficking in the MENA region: trends and perspectives.- Chapter12. Future Directions in the Study of Displacement and Convergence among Transnational Crime Flows.

Ernesto U. Savona is Director of Transcrime, Professor of Criminology at the Università Cattolica, and Editor in Chief of the European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research. He was also nominated President of the European Society of Criminology for the years 2003/2004. Hehas been consultant to the United Nations, Council of Europe (where he was appointed one of the seven members of the Scientific and Criminological Council in 1996), the European Union, and various national governments. From 1990 to 1994, he was visiting fellow and project director at the National Institute of Justice, Research Centre of the U.S. Dept. of Justice, Washington, D.C., where he was manager of two projects on organized crime and international money laundering. Rob T. Guerette is Professor of Criminology and Criminal Justice in the Steven J. Green School for International and Public Affairs at Florida International University (FIU). He has published extensively in the areas of transnational crime, program and policy evaluation, and crime pattern analysis for crime prevention. In addition to his work analyzing domestic crime patterns, his research has focused on human smuggling and kidnapping for ransom. He was a Fellow at the Eagleton Institute of Politics, Rutgers University, and a U.S. Fulbright Specialist to Iceland in 2021.Alberto Aziani is Assistant Professor of Criminology at the Faculty of Political and Social Sciences at Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore of Milan and Researcher at Transcrime. His main research interests are organized crime and illicit markets. On these topics, he has conducted studies and developed projects for international organizations and funding institutions. He cooperates with the UN and the EC in research projects related to illicit drug trafficking and money laundering.

• Chapter1. Introduction to “The Evolution of Illicit Flows: Displacement and Convergence among Transnational Crime”.- Part1. Concepts, Theories, History, and Perspectives.- Chapter2. The Displacement and Convergence of Transnational Crime Flows.- Chapter3. Trafficking in the Mediterranean World: A Historical Perspective.- Chapter4. Human Smuggling in the Mediterranean: A Comparative Analysis of the Central and Eastern Mediterranean Smuggling Routes.- Chapter5. Global Cocaine Flows, Geographical Displacement, and Crime Convergence.- Part2. Topical Analyses in Convergence and Displacement of Transnational Crimes.- Chapter6. Human Smuggling in North Africa: A Preliminary Exploration of Macro- and Micro-level Displacement Effects.- Chapter7. Displacement of human smuggling: An exploratory analysis of the effects of Law 82/2016 in Egypt.- Chapter8. Can Migration Flows be Controlled? The Effects of the Italian 2017–2018 Policy Against Illegal Immigration.- Chapter9. Does Human Smuggling Converge with Other Transnational Crimes in North Africa and the Mediterranean Area?.- Chapter10. Structure and Evolution of Drug Trafficking Networks in North Africa: The Impact of Rule of Law and Corruption.- Part3. Implications, Current Trends and Future Directions.- Chapter11. Human trafficking in the MENA region: trends and perspectives.- Chapter12. Future Directions in the Study of Displacement and Convergence among Transnational Crime Flows.