Donna Bramwell is Research Associate at the University of Manchester, UK. Her research interests include the sociology of health and illness, primary care health policy, and health organisations.Kath Checkland is Professor of Health Policy and Primary Care at the University of Manchester, UK. Her research addresses all aspects of system organisation and management, with a particular focus on commissioning and primary care.Jolanta Shields is Lecturer in Politics at Leeds Beckett University, UK. Her research explores the politics of health inequalities and how health system governance is shaped by wider socio-political forces. Pauline Allen is Professor of Health Systems Organisation at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK. Her research examines the organisation of the health systems, with a particular focus upon governance, accountability and contractual approaches to system management.

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• 1. Introduction.- 2. 1948 to 1974: Community Nursing Services as a Local Government Service.- 3. 1974 to 1982: A Unified Geographically Based Health System.- 4. 1983 to 1990: The Era of General Management.- 5. The 1990’s: The Introduction of the Internal Market.- 6. 2000: Transforming Community Services.- 7. 2010 to 2015: The Health and Social Care Act.- 8. 2015 to 2022: Focus on Integration.- 9. Conclusion.

Donna Bramwell is Research Associate at the University of Manchester, UK. Her research interests include the sociology of health and illness, primary care health policy, and health organisations.Kath Checkland is Professor of Health Policy and Primary Care at the University of Manchester, UK. Her research addresses all aspects of system organisation and management, with a particular focus on commissioning and primary care.Jolanta Shields is Lecturer in Politics at Leeds Beckett University, UK. Her research explores the politics of health inequalities and how health system governance is shaped by wider socio-political forces. Pauline Allen is Professor of Health Systems Organisation at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK. Her research examines the organisation of the health systems, with a particular focus upon governance, accountability and contractual approaches to system management.

Select Guide Rating

• 1. Introduction.- 2. 1948 to 1974: Community Nursing Services as a Local Government Service.- 3. 1974 to 1982: A Unified Geographically Based Health System.- 4. 1983 to 1990: The Era of General Management.- 5. The 1990’s: The Introduction of the Internal Market.- 6. 2000: Transforming Community Services.- 7. 2010 to 2015: The Health and Social Care Act.- 8. 2015 to 2022: Focus on Integration.- 9. Conclusion.

Donna Bramwell is Research Associate at the University of Manchester, UK. Her research interests include the sociology of health and illness, primary care health policy, and health organisations.Kath Checkland is Professor of Health Policy and Primary Care at the University of Manchester, UK. Her research addresses all aspects of system organisation and management, with a particular focus on commissioning and primary care.Jolanta Shields is Lecturer in Politics at Leeds Beckett University, UK. Her research explores the politics of health inequalities and how health system governance is shaped by wider socio-political forces. Pauline Allen is Professor of Health Systems Organisation at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK. Her research examines the organisation of the health systems, with a particular focus upon governance, accountability and contractual approaches to system management.

Select Guide Rating

• 1. Introduction.- 2. 1948 to 1974: Community Nursing Services as a Local Government Service.- 3. 1974 to 1982: A Unified Geographically Based Health System.- 4. 1983 to 1990: The Era of General Management.- 5. The 1990’s: The Introduction of the Internal Market.- 6. 2000: Transforming Community Services.- 7. 2010 to 2015: The Health and Social Care Act.- 8. 2015 to 2022: Focus on Integration.- 9. Conclusion.