Fernando Ramírez is a biologist with over 20 years of research experience in the field of tropical plant biology. Currently, he is an Independent Researcher. He studied biology as an undergraduate and received his Master´s degree in Biological Sciences at Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia. His research initially focused on mango flowering in the tropics. His research interests include tropical plant reproductive biology, particularly among solanum species, tropical fruits, and urban trees.

• 1. Introduction.- 2. Floral morphology and phenology.- 3. Pollen grain morphology, viability, and insect visitation.- 4. The phenology of Rubus glaucus Benth. characterized by the BBCH scale.- 5.Propagation and cultivation .- 6.Fruit and chromosome number.- 7.Post-harvest physiology and nutritional facts.- 8.Genetic diversity.- 9.Breeding programs.- 10.Morphological diversity.- 11.Rubus glaucus and climate change.

Fernando Ramírez is a biologist with over 20 years of research experience in the field of tropical plant biology. Currently, he is an Independent Researcher. He studied biology as an undergraduate and received his Master´s degree in Biological Sciences at Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia. His research initially focused on mango flowering in the tropics. His research interests include tropical plant reproductive biology, particularly among solanum species, tropical fruits, and urban trees.

• 1. Introduction.- 2. Floral morphology and phenology.- 3. Pollen grain morphology, viability, and insect visitation.- 4. The phenology of Rubus glaucus Benth. characterized by the BBCH scale.- 5.Propagation and cultivation .- 6.Fruit and chromosome number.- 7.Post-harvest physiology and nutritional facts.- 8.Genetic diversity.- 9.Breeding programs.- 10.Morphological diversity.- 11.Rubus glaucus and climate change.

Fernando Ramírez is a biologist with over 20 years of research experience in the field of tropical plant biology. Currently, he is an Independent Researcher. He studied biology as an undergraduate and received his Master´s degree in Biological Sciences at Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia. His research initially focused on mango flowering in the tropics. His research interests include tropical plant reproductive biology, particularly among solanum species, tropical fruits, and urban trees.

• 1. Introduction.- 2. Floral morphology and phenology.- 3. Pollen grain morphology, viability, and insect visitation.- 4. The phenology of Rubus glaucus Benth. characterized by the BBCH scale.- 5.Propagation and cultivation .- 6.Fruit and chromosome number.- 7.Post-harvest physiology and nutritional facts.- 8.Genetic diversity.- 9.Breeding programs.- 10.Morphological diversity.- 11.Rubus glaucus and climate change.