Giuseppe Modaffari, Ph.D., is a Research Fellow in Business Administration. He is part of the Department of Law and Economics of Production Activities at Sapienza University of Rome (Italy). Dr. Modaffari teaches the courses 'Accounting' and 'Financial Statements of Public Administration'. His main research topics are business administration, corporate finance, company distress, and restructuring. He is a member of the “Ipazia” scientific observatory on gender research.

• Introduction.- Financial needs in SMEs.- Equity crowdfunding as a hedge fund in SMEs.- The evolution of equity crowdfunding.- Equity crowdfunding: literature analysis.- Conclusion.

Giuseppe Modaffari, Ph.D., is a Research Fellow in Business Administration. He is part of the Department of Law and Economics of Production Activities at Sapienza University of Rome (Italy). Dr. Modaffari teaches the courses 'Accounting' and 'Financial Statements of Public Administration'. His main research topics are business administration, corporate finance, company distress, and restructuring. He is a member of the “Ipazia” scientific observatory on gender research.

• Introduction.- Financial needs in SMEs.- Equity crowdfunding as a hedge fund in SMEs.- The evolution of equity crowdfunding.- Equity crowdfunding: literature analysis.- Conclusion.

Giuseppe Modaffari, Ph.D., is a Research Fellow in Business Administration. He is part of the Department of Law and Economics of Production Activities at Sapienza University of Rome (Italy). Dr. Modaffari teaches the courses 'Accounting' and 'Financial Statements of Public Administration'. His main research topics are business administration, corporate finance, company distress, and restructuring. He is a member of the “Ipazia” scientific observatory on gender research.

• Introduction.- Financial needs in SMEs.- Equity crowdfunding as a hedge fund in SMEs.- The evolution of equity crowdfunding.- Equity crowdfunding: literature analysis.- Conclusion.