Ward Vloeberghs is Senior Lecturer in Political Science at Erasmus University College Rotterdam, the Netherlands, where he serves as Head of the Social and Behavioural Sciences Department. He researches (Arab) elites through their symbolic and material articulations of power.Sylvia I. Bergh is Associate Professor in Development Management and Governance at the International Institute of Social Studies (ISS), Erasmus University Rotterdam, and Senior Researcher at the Research Group Multilevel Regulation and the Centre of Expertise on Global and Inclusive Learning at The Hague University of Applied Sciences. She has published widely on state-society relations in the MENA region.

• 1. Introduction.- 2. Social Accountability in review.- 3. Social Accountability in Morocco.- 4. Social Accountability in Tunisia.- 5. Social Accountability in Lebanon.- 6. Conclusion.

Ward Vloeberghs is Senior Lecturer in Political Science at Erasmus University College Rotterdam, the Netherlands, where he serves as Head of the Social and Behavioural Sciences Department. He researches (Arab) elites through their symbolic and material articulations of power.Sylvia I. Bergh is Associate Professor in Development Management and Governance at the International Institute of Social Studies (ISS), Erasmus University Rotterdam, and Senior Researcher at the Research Group Multilevel Regulation and the Centre of Expertise on Global and Inclusive Learning at The Hague University of Applied Sciences. She has published widely on state-society relations in the MENA region.

• 1. Introduction.- 2. Social Accountability in review.- 3. Social Accountability in Morocco.- 4. Social Accountability in Tunisia.- 5. Social Accountability in Lebanon.- 6. Conclusion.

Ward Vloeberghs is Senior Lecturer in Political Science at Erasmus University College Rotterdam, the Netherlands, where he serves as Head of the Social and Behavioural Sciences Department. He researches (Arab) elites through their symbolic and material articulations of power.Sylvia I. Bergh is Associate Professor in Development Management and Governance at the International Institute of Social Studies (ISS), Erasmus University Rotterdam, and Senior Researcher at the Research Group Multilevel Regulation and the Centre of Expertise on Global and Inclusive Learning at The Hague University of Applied Sciences. She has published widely on state-society relations in the MENA region.

• 1. Introduction.- 2. Social Accountability in review.- 3. Social Accountability in Morocco.- 4. Social Accountability in Tunisia.- 5. Social Accountability in Lebanon.- 6. Conclusion.