Asif Mohiuddin is a Lecturer in the Department of Moral Studies, Civics and Character Building at the Faculty of Human Sciences, Sultan Idris Education University, Malaysia. Previously, he worked as a Postdoctoral Academic Officer at the same institution. He is the author of the book “Navigating Religious Authority in Muslim Societies: Islamist Movements and the Challenge of Globalisation” (Palgrave Macmillan, 2023). From 2021 to 2022, he served as a Post-Doctoral Fellow in the Faculty of Theology at Sakarya University, Turkey. Before joining Sakarya University, he was a Lecturer in the Department of Higher Education, Government of Jammu and Kashmir, India. He earned his PhD from the University of Kashmir in 2018. His research interests include globalisation and Islam, the intersection between politics and religion in the Middle East, human rights law, Islam and the West, and Muslim minorities in multicultural societies (Europe and South Asia).

• 1. Introduction: Divergent Trajectories of Human Rights in Egypt and Malaysia.- 2. Human Rights Law in Muslim Majority Countries: An Assessment.- 3. Constitutional Status of Religious Freedom in Egypt and Malaysia: A Cross-National Analysis.- 4. From Constitutional Guarantees to Practical Challenges: The Divergence of Freedom of Speech and Expression in Egypt.- 5. Democratic Discourse in Context: Malaysia’s Approach to Freedom of Expression.- 6. Conclusion: Human Rights Protection and Challenges in Egypt and Malaysia.

Asif Mohiuddin is a Lecturer in the Department of Moral Studies, Civics and Character Building at the Faculty of Human Sciences, Sultan Idris Education University, Malaysia. Previously, he worked as a Postdoctoral Academic Officer at the same institution. He is the author of the book “Navigating Religious Authority in Muslim Societies: Islamist Movements and the Challenge of Globalisation” (Palgrave Macmillan, 2023). From 2021 to 2022, he served as a Post-Doctoral Fellow in the Faculty of Theology at Sakarya University, Turkey. Before joining Sakarya University, he was a Lecturer in the Department of Higher Education, Government of Jammu and Kashmir, India. He earned his PhD from the University of Kashmir in 2018. His research interests include globalisation and Islam, the intersection between politics and religion in the Middle East, human rights law, Islam and the West, and Muslim minorities in multicultural societies (Europe and South Asia).

• 1. Introduction: Divergent Trajectories of Human Rights in Egypt and Malaysia.- 2. Human Rights Law in Muslim Majority Countries: An Assessment.- 3. Constitutional Status of Religious Freedom in Egypt and Malaysia: A Cross-National Analysis.- 4. From Constitutional Guarantees to Practical Challenges: The Divergence of Freedom of Speech and Expression in Egypt.- 5. Democratic Discourse in Context: Malaysia’s Approach to Freedom of Expression.- 6. Conclusion: Human Rights Protection and Challenges in Egypt and Malaysia.

Asif Mohiuddin is a Lecturer in the Department of Moral Studies, Civics and Character Building at the Faculty of Human Sciences, Sultan Idris Education University, Malaysia. Previously, he worked as a Postdoctoral Academic Officer at the same institution. He is the author of the book “Navigating Religious Authority in Muslim Societies: Islamist Movements and the Challenge of Globalisation” (Palgrave Macmillan, 2023). From 2021 to 2022, he served as a Post-Doctoral Fellow in the Faculty of Theology at Sakarya University, Turkey. Before joining Sakarya University, he was a Lecturer in the Department of Higher Education, Government of Jammu and Kashmir, India. He earned his PhD from the University of Kashmir in 2018. His research interests include globalisation and Islam, the intersection between politics and religion in the Middle East, human rights law, Islam and the West, and Muslim minorities in multicultural societies (Europe and South Asia).

• 1. Introduction: Divergent Trajectories of Human Rights in Egypt and Malaysia.- 2. Human Rights Law in Muslim Majority Countries: An Assessment.- 3. Constitutional Status of Religious Freedom in Egypt and Malaysia: A Cross-National Analysis.- 4. From Constitutional Guarantees to Practical Challenges: The Divergence of Freedom of Speech and Expression in Egypt.- 5. Democratic Discourse in Context: Malaysia’s Approach to Freedom of Expression.- 6. Conclusion: Human Rights Protection and Challenges in Egypt and Malaysia.