Kathleen M. Vogel is Professor, School for the Future of Innovation in Society, College of Global Futures, and Senior Global Futures Scientist, Julie Ann Wrigley Global Futures Laboratory at Arizona State University. Vogel holds a PhD in bio-physical chemistry from Princeton University. She has served in the US Department of State as a Jefferson Science Fellow in the Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons and as William C. Foster Fellow in the Office of Proliferation Threat Reduction in the Bureau of Nonproliferation. Vogel's overall research interests relate to the study of knowledge production on security and intelligence problems.Nicole Ball is an independent consultant specializing in democratic security sector governance, conflict management and recovery, and donor financing in conflict-affected states. Since the mid-1990s Ball has conducted assessments, evaluations and lessons learning exercises for multilateral organizations such as the United Nations, the World Bank and the OECD Development Assistance Committee. She has also supported the work of major development assistance donors such as the United Kingdom, The Netherlands, the European Union, Sweden, Germany, Japan and the United States. Ball has held positions at the University of Sussex, the Swedish Institute for International Affairs, the National Security Archive, the Overseas Development Council, the University of Maryland and the Center for International Policy (where she is currently a Senior Fellow Emeritus). Milton Leitenberg was trained as a scientist and moved into the field of arms control in 1966. In 1968, Leitenberg was the first American recruited to work at the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI). He was subsequently affiliated with the Swedish Institute of International Affairs and the Center for International Studies Peace Program at Cornell University, and he has been affiliated with the Center for International and Security Studies at Maryland (CISSM) at the University of Maryland School of Public Policy since 1989. His research is widely published; in the years since 1966 he has authored or edited a dozen books or book length studies, and published 198 journal papers, monographs, and book chapters. Among these are major portions of Tactical Nuclear Weapons, European Perspectives, SIPRI (Taylor and Francis, 1978); Great Power Intervention in the Middle East (edited, Pergamon Press, 1979); The Structure of Defense Industry: An International Survey (edited, Croom Helm, 1983); and The Wars in Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos, 1945 - 1982: A Bibliographic Guide (ABC-Clio, 1984), a book of his selected studies on arms control, Rüstungskontrolle, Rüstung und Sicherheitspolitik [Arms Control, Armament and Security Policy] (Nomos Verlag,1986), and Soviet Submarine Operations in Swedish Waters 1980-1986 (Center for Strategic and International Studies, 1987).Leitenberg's research work has been concentrated in three disparate areas of study: biological weapons; actual wars and conflicts of the past two decades, and the issue of international intervention in these; and the history of nuclear weapons between the US and USSR between 1945 and 1995.
