This book gives the most up-to-date, state-of-the-art review of current literature, which provides an introduction to pelvic floor imaging that can be used during the initial evaluation and the subsequent urogynecology, colorectal surgery, and pelvic floor therapy visits. The reader will gain competence in performing transperineal 2D, 3D/4D, endovaginal, and endoanal 2D /3D ultrasound evaluation of the pelvic floor, including the anal sphincter and levator ani complex. The text provides a basic understanding of performing a transperineal, endovaginal, and endoanal pelvic floor ultrasound and using desktop 3D and 4D software to obtain basic measurements. High-quality diagrams and images complement concise textual information from acknowledged experts to provide a thorough update of this well-established field.Practical Pelvic Floor Ultrasonography, Third Edition, features new, fully updated, and expanded chapters. Introductory chapters fully elucidate the anatomical basis underlying disorders of the pelvic floor and the instrumentation and techniques required for endovaginal, endoanal, and 4D perineal and introital pelvic floor ultrasound. This is followed by a chapter reviewing the applications and literature for 4D perineal pelvic floor ultrasound. Next, the book covers 2D and 3D endovaginal imaging of the levator ani muscles, pelvic floor trauma, the urethra and bladder, and the anorectal area; 2D and 3D transperineal imaging; and 3D endoanal imaging. Case reviews are extensively expanded at the conclusion, and a final chapter challenges the reader to evaluate exemplar ultrasound images.Written entirely by experts in their fields, the third edition of Practical Pelvic Floor Ultrasonography: A Multicompartmental Approach to 2D/3D/4D Ultrasonography of the Pelvic Floor is a comprehensive resource that will be of great value to urogynecologists, colorectal surgeons, obstetricians, gynecologists, female urologists, ultrasonographers, radiologists, physiotherapists, and fellows in urogynecology and colorectal surgery.
