Sheng Wang received the B.E. and Ph.D. degrees in electrical engineering from Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China, in 2016 and 2021, respectively. From 2021 to 2023, he served as a research engineer at the State Grid (Suzhou) Urban Energy Research Institute, a postdoctoral researcher at the State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City at the University of Macau, and a senior power systems researcher and a marie curie postdoctoral fellow at University College Dublin. He is currently a Newcastle University Academic Track (NUAcT) Fellow at the School of Engineering, Newcastle University, UK. His research interests include the decarbonization of energy systems with hydrogen integration.Hongxun Hui received the B.E. and Ph.D. degrees in electrical engineering from Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China, in 2015 and 2020, respectively. From 2018 to 2019, he was a visiting scholar with the Advanced Research Institute, Virginia Tech, and the CURENT Centre, University of Tennessee. He is currently an assistant professor with the State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China. His research interests include energy system optimization, power economics, carbon markets, and interdisciplinary energy-environment systems.Yi Ding received the bachelor’s degree in electrical engineering from Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China, in 2000, and the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, in 2007. He is currently a professor with the College of Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University. His research interests include power systems reliability/performance analysis, incorporating renewable energy resources, smart grid performance analysis, and engineering systems reliability modelling and optimization.Yonghua Song received the B.E. degree from Chengdu University of Science and Technology, Chengdu, China, in 1984, and the Ph.D. degree from China Electric Power Research Institute, Beijing, China, in 1989, both in electrical engineering. From 1989 to 1991, he was a postdoctoral fellow with Tsinghua University, Beijing, China. He then held various positions with Bristol University, Bristol, U.K.; Bath University, Bath, U.K.; John Moores University, Liverpool, U.K., from 1991 to 1996. In 1997, he was a professor of Power Systems with Brunel University, where he served as a pro-vice chancellor for Graduate Studies since 2004. In 2007, he took up a Pro-Vice Chancellorship and Professorship of Electrical Engineering at the University of Liverpool, Liverpool. In 2009, he was with Tsinghua University as a professor of Electrical Engineering and an assistant president and the deputy director with the Laboratory of Low-Carbon Energy. From November 2012 to December 2017, he served as Executive Vice President and a professor at Zhejiang University. From January 2018, he has been the Rector and a chair professor at University of Macau, Macao SAR, China.

• Introduction.- Reliability modelling framework of energy systems with uniform gas composition.- Optimal operation of energy systems with uniform gas composition using linepacks.- Reliability evaluation of integrated energy systems considering gas flow dynamics and demand-side flexibilities.- Steady-state optimal energy flow in hydrogen-integrated energy systems.- Transient-state optimal energy flow in hydrogen-integrated energy systems considering gas composition dynamics.- Long-term reliability of hydrogen-integrated energy systems considering hydrogen embrittlement.- Short-term reliability of hydrogen-integrated energy systems using universal generating function.- Resilience definition and evaluation of gas interchangeability in hydrogen-integrated energy systems.- Nodal energy price and market clearing in carbon emission-embedded hydrogen-integrated energy systems.

Sheng Wang received the B.E. and Ph.D. degrees in electrical engineering from Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China, in 2016 and 2021, respectively. From 2021 to 2023, he served as a research engineer at the State Grid (Suzhou) Urban Energy Research Institute, a postdoctoral researcher at the State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City at the University of Macau, and a senior power systems researcher and a marie curie postdoctoral fellow at University College Dublin. He is currently a Newcastle University Academic Track (NUAcT) Fellow at the School of Engineering, Newcastle University, UK. His research interests include the decarbonization of energy systems with hydrogen integration.Hongxun Hui received the B.E. and Ph.D. degrees in electrical engineering from Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China, in 2015 and 2020, respectively. From 2018 to 2019, he was a visiting scholar with the Advanced Research Institute, Virginia Tech, and the CURENT Centre, University of Tennessee. He is currently an assistant professor with the State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China. His research interests include energy system optimization, power economics, carbon markets, and interdisciplinary energy-environment systems.Yi Ding received the bachelor’s degree in electrical engineering from Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China, in 2000, and the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, in 2007. He is currently a professor with the College of Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University. His research interests include power systems reliability/performance analysis, incorporating renewable energy resources, smart grid performance analysis, and engineering systems reliability modelling and optimization.Yonghua Song received the B.E. degree from Chengdu University of Science and Technology, Chengdu, China, in 1984, and the Ph.D. degree from China Electric Power Research Institute, Beijing, China, in 1989, both in electrical engineering. From 1989 to 1991, he was a postdoctoral fellow with Tsinghua University, Beijing, China. He then held various positions with Bristol University, Bristol, U.K.; Bath University, Bath, U.K.; John Moores University, Liverpool, U.K., from 1991 to 1996. In 1997, he was a professor of Power Systems with Brunel University, where he served as a pro-vice chancellor for Graduate Studies since 2004. In 2007, he took up a Pro-Vice Chancellorship and Professorship of Electrical Engineering at the University of Liverpool, Liverpool. In 2009, he was with Tsinghua University as a professor of Electrical Engineering and an assistant president and the deputy director with the Laboratory of Low-Carbon Energy. From November 2012 to December 2017, he served as Executive Vice President and a professor at Zhejiang University. From January 2018, he has been the Rector and a chair professor at University of Macau, Macao SAR, China.

• Introduction.- Reliability modelling framework of energy systems with uniform gas composition.- Optimal operation of energy systems with uniform gas composition using linepacks.- Reliability evaluation of integrated energy systems considering gas flow dynamics and demand-side flexibilities.- Steady-state optimal energy flow in hydrogen-integrated energy systems.- Transient-state optimal energy flow in hydrogen-integrated energy systems considering gas composition dynamics.- Long-term reliability of hydrogen-integrated energy systems considering hydrogen embrittlement.- Short-term reliability of hydrogen-integrated energy systems using universal generating function.- Resilience definition and evaluation of gas interchangeability in hydrogen-integrated energy systems.- Nodal energy price and market clearing in carbon emission-embedded hydrogen-integrated energy systems.

Sheng Wang received the B.E. and Ph.D. degrees in electrical engineering from Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China, in 2016 and 2021, respectively. From 2021 to 2023, he served as a research engineer at the State Grid (Suzhou) Urban Energy Research Institute, a postdoctoral researcher at the State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City at the University of Macau, and a senior power systems researcher and a marie curie postdoctoral fellow at University College Dublin. He is currently a Newcastle University Academic Track (NUAcT) Fellow at the School of Engineering, Newcastle University, UK. His research interests include the decarbonization of energy systems with hydrogen integration.Hongxun Hui received the B.E. and Ph.D. degrees in electrical engineering from Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China, in 2015 and 2020, respectively. From 2018 to 2019, he was a visiting scholar with the Advanced Research Institute, Virginia Tech, and the CURENT Centre, University of Tennessee. He is currently an assistant professor with the State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China. His research interests include energy system optimization, power economics, carbon markets, and interdisciplinary energy-environment systems.Yi Ding received the bachelor’s degree in electrical engineering from Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China, in 2000, and the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, in 2007. He is currently a professor with the College of Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University. His research interests include power systems reliability/performance analysis, incorporating renewable energy resources, smart grid performance analysis, and engineering systems reliability modelling and optimization.Yonghua Song received the B.E. degree from Chengdu University of Science and Technology, Chengdu, China, in 1984, and the Ph.D. degree from China Electric Power Research Institute, Beijing, China, in 1989, both in electrical engineering. From 1989 to 1991, he was a postdoctoral fellow with Tsinghua University, Beijing, China. He then held various positions with Bristol University, Bristol, U.K.; Bath University, Bath, U.K.; John Moores University, Liverpool, U.K., from 1991 to 1996. In 1997, he was a professor of Power Systems with Brunel University, where he served as a pro-vice chancellor for Graduate Studies since 2004. In 2007, he took up a Pro-Vice Chancellorship and Professorship of Electrical Engineering at the University of Liverpool, Liverpool. In 2009, he was with Tsinghua University as a professor of Electrical Engineering and an assistant president and the deputy director with the Laboratory of Low-Carbon Energy. From November 2012 to December 2017, he served as Executive Vice President and a professor at Zhejiang University. From January 2018, he has been the Rector and a chair professor at University of Macau, Macao SAR, China.

• Introduction.- Reliability modelling framework of energy systems with uniform gas composition.- Optimal operation of energy systems with uniform gas composition using linepacks.- Reliability evaluation of integrated energy systems considering gas flow dynamics and demand-side flexibilities.- Steady-state optimal energy flow in hydrogen-integrated energy systems.- Transient-state optimal energy flow in hydrogen-integrated energy systems considering gas composition dynamics.- Long-term reliability of hydrogen-integrated energy systems considering hydrogen embrittlement.- Short-term reliability of hydrogen-integrated energy systems using universal generating function.- Resilience definition and evaluation of gas interchangeability in hydrogen-integrated energy systems.- Nodal energy price and market clearing in carbon emission-embedded hydrogen-integrated energy systems.