Tamara Stampalija graduated in Medicine and Surgery at the University of Padua in 2000 and then specialized in Gynecology and Obstetrics at the University of Trieste in 2006. In 2014 she obtained her PhD at the University of Milan. She has completed a period of training as Research Fellow by Liverpool Women’s Hospital, Royal Liverpool Hospital, UK in 2008-09, and later as a Research Associate in the Perinatology Research Branch of Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA in 2012-13. From 2008 until 2012 she worked at the Children’s Hospital Vittore Buzzi in Milan. From 2013 she is appointed at the Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS Burlo Garofalo in Trieste, where in 2016 she become Chief of Fetal Medicine and Prenatal Diagnosis Unit. Since 2019 she holds the position of Associate Professor in Gynecology and Obstetrics at the Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences at the University of Trieste, whereas later in 2021 she received the National Scientific Qualification for Full Professor. Over the years she has participated in several working groups for the guideline production  based on the Grade methodology. She is a member of the Clinical Standard Committee of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology (ISUOG), regional representative of the Italian Society of Perinatology (SIMP) and president of the Italian Association of Preeclampsia (AIPE).Herbert Valensise is a Full Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology Tor Vergata University Rome Italy, Chairman of the Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology Policlinico Casilino Rome, Director of Post-graduate School in Gynecology & Obstetrics Tor Vergata University and Director of School of Midwifery Tor Vergata University. His main subject of research are: maternal fetal medicine, intrauterine environment and fetal health, fetal growth, hypertension in pregnancy, maternal cardiac function in normal and pathological pregnancy, treatment of hypertension. He has published more than 140 articles on national and international journals and published several books on cardiotocography, fetal surveillance in labor, Obstetrical risk, Medical therapy in pregnancy. He was a general secretary of Italian Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology  2011-2013. He is a member of the Ethical Comittee of the Fatebenefratelli Hospital in Rome, a member of International Society for the Study of Hypertension in Pregnancy, a Vice President of the Italian Society of  Perinatal Medicine, member of the TRUFFLE 1 International Study on Fetal growth restriction, and a member of the TRUFFLE 2 International Study on Fetal growth restriction.

• 1. Introduction.- 2. Assessment techniques, methodology and reproducibility.- 3. Reference ranges and role of maternal characteristics.- 4. Uncomplicated singleton pregnancy.- 5. Twin pregnancy.- 6. The importance of the venous compartment.- 7. Assisted reproductive techniques.- 8. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.- 9. Fetal growth restriction.- 10. Chronic hypertension.- 11. Gestational diabetes and obesity.- 12. Prediction and prevention.- 13. Tailored management.- 14. Cardiovascular disease later in life.- 15. The anesthetist point of view.- 16. The cardiologist point of view.- 17. Implications for the research.