This book collects selected contributions to the conference ODS 2025, entitled “Mathematics, Algorithms, and the Art and Science of Decision-Making” (Milan, September 1st–4th, 2025). This book encompasses all subfields of operations research/management science, mathematical optimization, problem-solving, and decision-making, as well as the art of their applications in any industry and sector. As a contemporary and relevant example, this book features interdisciplinary works exploring connections between model-based mathematical optimization algorithms and data-based learning methods. This book is aimed primarily at researchers, Ph.D. students, and practitioners in the Operations Research community. However, due to its interdisciplinary contents, this book is also of high interest to students and researchers from other disciplines.