This book offers a groundbreaking exploration of neglected and underutilized species (NUS) as vital tools for building resilient and sustainable agricultural systems in the face of climate change. By highlighting innovative strategies, practical case studies, and cutting-edge technologies, it equips researchers, policymakers, and practitioners with actionable insights to enhance food security, diversify livelihoods, and conserve biodiversity.Through a unique blend of scientific research and indigenous knowledge, the chapters reveal how NUS can optimize resource use, improve nutrition, and support ecosystem services across diverse environments. The comprehensive approach not only addresses critical challenges but also unlocks new opportunities for empowering smallholder farmers and rural communities worldwide.This volume is an essential resource for those committed to transforming agriculture into a more climate-resilient, inclusive, and sustainable sector.