This book provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in mitochondrial biology, highlighting their central roles in cellular function, disease mechanisms, and therapeutic development. Mitochondria, often referred to as the powerhouses of the cell, are indispensable for generating the energy required to sustain a wide range of cellular and molecular processes. Beyond energy production, they are increasingly recognized as key regulators of cellular homeostasis, contributing to inter-organelle communication and controlling emerging forms of regulated cell death.Growing evidence underscores the involvement of mitochondria in aging, exercise and in the pathogenesis of numerous diseases, including cardiovascular, neurological, renal, and muscular disorders. This volume examines how mitochondrial dysfunction drives disease initiation and progression, and highlights the importance of mitochondrial quality control processes such as mitophagy.The book is organized into three sections. Section I addresses mitochondria-associated signaling pathways and their roles in disease-related dysfunction, tissue injury, and cell death, with particular emphasis on emerging forms of regulated cell death, including necroptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, and cuproptosis. Section II explores the broader functions of mitochondria in cellular and molecular processes, such as metabolism, biogenesis, and mechanisms underlying tissue resilience. Section III focuses on mitochondrial dynamics in various disease contexts, illustrating how alterations in mitochondrial structure and function contribute to pathological outcomes.Contributions from leading experts provide insights into innovative therapeutic strategies targeting mitochondrial pathways. These include approaches aimed at enhancing tissue resilience and addressing modifiable risk factors, particularly in cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. The volume also examines interactions between mitochondria and other organelles, such as the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum, via specialized contact sites that coordinate cellular activities. Key topics—including calcium signaling, mitochondrial protein biogenesis, and autophagy—are discussed in depth, emphasizing their roles in maintaining cellular homeostasis.This volume is an essential resource for researchers, clinicians, and students in the biomedical sciences, offering an up-to-date understanding of mitochondrial function in health and disease and outlining promising avenues for future research and therapeutic innovation.
