Fabio Chalub is BSc and MSc in Physics and PhD in Mathematics. In the last 10 years has been working in mathematical modelling in life sciences. He has more than 20 scientific articles in leading international journals and is also active in the field of scientific diffusion. Since 2003 lives in Portugal where he is now Assistant Professor at Universidade Nova de Lisboa. José Francisco Rodrigues is PhD in Mathematics, member of the Lisbon Academy of Sciences, president of the International Centre of Mathematics and full professor at University of Lisbon. He had published over 100 scientific papers, coedited 15 books, authored 1 book and is the coordinating editor of "Interfaces and Free Boundaries"

• Preface.- What changes has mathematics made to the Darwinian theory? by Warren J. Ewens.- The mathematics of Darwin’s theory of evolution: 1859 and 150 years later by Peter Schuster.- Some Mathematical Models in Evolutionary Genetics by Reinhard Bürger.- Extinction, Persistence, and Evolution by Peter Jagers.- Group Theory in Homogeneous Populations (Rescuing Darwin from the mud) by Peter Taylor.- Evolutionary dynamics of collective action by Jorge M. Pacheco, Francisco C. Santos, Max O. Souza and Brian Skyrms.- On kin and group selection, and the haystack model by Vincent A. A. Jansen.- Population formulation of adaptative meso-evolution: theory and numerics by Sepideh Mirrahimi, Benoît Perthame, Emeric Bouin and Pierre Millien.- Random Modeling of Adaptive Dynamics and Evolutionary Branching by Sylvie Méléard.- Thoughts on the geometry of meso-evolution: collecting mathematical elements for a postmodern synthesis by J.A.J. (Hans) Metz.- When do optimisation arguments make evolutionary sense? by Mats Gyllenberg, J.A.J. (Hans) Metz and Robert Service.- Bibliography.- Index.