Bioenergy: Principles and Technologies

Zhenhong Yuan, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China

• Table of Content: Chapter 1 Technologies of Fuel Ethanol Production1.1 Characteristics and Applications of Fuel ethanol1.1.1 Physical and chemical characteristics of ethanol1.1.2 Performance comparison of ethanol and gasoline1.1.3 Fuel ethanol application on combustion engine1.1.3.1 Mixed fuel application of ethanol and gasoline on combustion engine1.1.3.2 Mixed fuel application of ethanol and diesel on combustion engine1.2 Production theory of ethanol1.2.1 ethanol1.2.2Biochemical process of ethanol fermentation1.2.3 Ethanol fermentation microbiology1.2.4 Screening of ethanol fermentation microorganism1.3 Ethanol Production from Starch Feedstocks1.3.1 Type of Starch Feedstocks1.3.2 Crushing1.3.3 Steaming & Gelatinization1.3.4 Saccharification1.3.5 Yeast Starter Culture1.3.6 Ethanol Fermentation1.3.7 Ethanol Extraction and Purification1.3.8 Examples of Industrial Production1.4 Ethanol production from sugar-based materials1.4.1 Type of Sugar-based Feedstocks1.4.2 The feature of sugar-based ethanol production1.4.3 Molasses ethanol production features1.4.4 Technology of molasses ethanol production1.4.5 Ethanol produced by sweet sorghum stalk1.4.6 Fuel ethanol production case from molasses raw material1.5 Ethanol Production from Lignocellulosic materials1.5.1 Type of Lignocellulosic Feedstocks1.5.2 Principle of hydrolysis1.5.3 Acid hydrolysis and ethanol fermentation1.5.4 Enzyme hydrolysis and ethanol fermentation1.5.5 Fuel ethanol production case from Lignocellulosic material1.6 Economical analysis of fuel ethanol production1.6.1 Economical analysis of fuel ethanol production based on starch materials1.6.2 Economical analysis of fuel ethanol production based on sugar materials1.6.3 Economical analysis of fuel ethanol production based on lignocellulose materials1.7 Environmental Impacts of Fuel Ethanol Production and Control approaches1.7.1 Formation Ways of Pollutants1.7.2 Treatment Methods of Waste1.7.3 Control Approaches of Pollutants1.8 Overview of ethanol production worldwide1.2.1Global development situation of fuel ethanol industry1.2.2 Development status of fuel ethanol industry in China Chapter 2 Technologies of Biomass Pyrolysis2.1 Principle and Technology of Biomass Fast Pyrolysis2.1.1 Overview of Biomass Fast Pyrolysis2.1.2 Characteristics of Biomass Fsat Pyrolysis2.1.3 Technologies of Biomass Fats Pyrolysis2.1.4 Demo Applications of Biomass Fast Pyrolysis2.2 Upgrading and Application of Bio-oil2.2.1 Compositions and Properties of Bio-oil2.2.2 Bio-oil Upgrading with Adding Hydrogen2.2.3 Bio-oil Upgrading with Catalysis Cracking2.2.4 Bio-oil Upgrading with Catalysis Esterification2.2.5 Bio-oil Steam-Reforming for Hydrogen2.2.6 Bio-oil Emulsion2.2.7 Bio-oil Combustion2.2.8 Demo Applications of Bio-oil2.3 Carbonization of Biomass2.3.1 Biomass Carbonization Technology2.3.2 Char Properties and Application2.3.3 Application of Biomass Distillation Gas2.3.4 Case Study of Biomass Carbonization Chapter 3 Technologies of Biomass-Based Hydrogen Production3.1 Introduction3.1.2 Properties of Hydrogen3.1.3 Biomass-Based Hydrogen Production Methods3.1.4 Development and Utilization of Hydrogen3.2 Thermochemical Hydrogen Production3.2.1 Introduction3.2.2 Hydrogen from Steam or Partial Oxidation Gasification3.2.3 Hydrogen from Biomass-Derived Synthesis Gas3.2.4 Supercritical Hydrogen Production3.2.5 Hydrogen from Biomass Pyrolysis3.2.6 Hydrogen Production with Solid Heat Carrier3.2.1 Hydrogen Production from Chemical-looping Gasification3.3 Biomass-Derived Catalytic Hydrogen Production3.3.1 Introduction3.3.2 Hydrogen From Biomass-Derived Pyrolysis Oils3.3.3 Hydrogen From Biomass-Derived Methanol3.3.4 Hydrogen From Biomass-Derived Ethanol3.3.5 Hydrogen From Biomass-Derived Dimethyl Ether3.4 Biological Hydrogen Production3.4.1 Introduction3.4.2 Direct Biophotolysis3.4.3 Indirect Biophotolysis3.4.4 Photo-fermentation3.4.5 Dark Fermentation3.4.6 Biological Water–gas Shift Reaction3.5 Technoeconomic and Life Cycle Analysis of Biomass to Hydrogen3.5.1 Introduction3.5.2 Approach of Analysis3.5.3 Analysis of Several Hydrogen Production Methods Chapter 4 Technologies of Biomass Based Fuels Synthesis4.1 Bio-fuels production by synthesis from syngas4.1.1 Mechanism of FT synthesis from syngas4.1.2 Methanol synthesis from syngas4.1.3 Dimethyl ether synthesis from syngas4.1.4 Mixture alcohol synthesis from syngas4.1.5 Diesel synthesis from syngas4.1.6 Gasoline synthesis via methanol from syngas4.2 Bio-fuels synthesis by aqueous phase catalytic conversion of biomass4.2.1 Mechanism of aqueous phase catalytic conversion of biomass4.2.2 Alkane production by aqueous phase catalytic conversion of biomass4.2.2 Alkane production by aqueous phase catalytic conversion of biomass4.2.3 Oxgenated loquid fuels production by aqueous phase catalytic conversion of biomass4.3 Bio-fuels production by polymerization of low carbon number of olefin4.3.1 Mechanism of polymerization of low carbon number of olefin4.3.2 Gasoline production by polymerization of low carbon number of olefin4.3.3 Jet fuels production by polymerization of low carbon number of olefin Chapter 5 Technologies of Plant Oil Fuel and Biodesel5.1 Plant oil fuel5.1.1 Physicochemical Properties of plant oil5.1.2 Method of Plant Oil for Fuel--- Microemulsification5.1.3 Process of Plant Oil Extraction5.1.4 Case of colza oil fuel test5.1.5 Case of Cottonseed oil and diesel fuel mix5.2 Biodiesel production technology5.2.1 The principle for biodiesel production5.2.1.1 Esterification reacrtion5.2.1.2 Transesterification reaction5.2.2 Technologies for biodiesel production5.2.2.1 Enzymatic transesterification method5.2.2.2 Chemical method5.2.2.3 Supercritical methanol method5.2.3 Processing and design for biodiesel production5.2.3.1 The process flow5.2.3.2 Catalysts5.2.3..3 The reactors5.2.3..4 The separation and purification process of crude biodiesel5.2.4 Study cases for biodesel engineering5.2.4.1 Processing technological analysis5.2.4.2 Economic analysis5.2.5 Globle development of biodiesel5.2.5.1 China5.2.5.2 United states5.2.5.3 European union5.2.5.4 Other countries5.2.6 Environmental impact Chapter 6 Technologies of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Treatment6.1 Characteristics of MSW6.1.1 Characteristics of foreign MSW6.1.2 Characteristics of domestic MSW6.1.3 Status of MSW treatment in China6.2 MSW treatment and utilization6.2.1 Sanitary landfills6.2.2 Incineration for power generation6.2.3 Aerobic composting6.2.4 Anaerobic digestion6.3 Classic case of MSW treatment in China6.3.1 Shenzhen Xiaping MSW landfill project6.3.2 Guangzhou Likeng MSW incineration power plant6.3.3 Beijing Nangong compost plant6.3.4 Chongqing kitchen waste anaerobic digestion plant6.3.5 Enshi MSW integration disposal plant6.4 Prospect on MSW treatment6.4.1 Collection and transport based on source separation6.4.2 MSW integration disposal and utilization6.4.3 Secondary pollution prevention by technical innovation Chapter 7 Technologies of Microbial Fuel Cell7.1 Microbial fuel cell overview7.1.1 History of MFC7.1.2Basic Theory of MFC7.1.3Power-generation Mechanism of MFC7.2 MFC Operation Technology7.2.1 Power-generation Microbial and community analysis7.2.2 Substrate Used in MFC7.2.3 Materials7.2.4 MFC Architecture7.2. 5 Others7.3 Evaluation method of MFC Performance7.3.1 Electrochemical Characteristics7.3.2 Coulombic efficiency and Energy efficiency7.3.3 Polarization and Power density Curves7.3.4 Measuring Internal Resistance of MFC7.3.5 Degradation effect for waste water7.3.6 Others7.4 Application and Function expansion of MFC7.4.1 MFC for Power Generation7.4.2 MFC for Wastewater treatment7.4.3 MFC for Ecological Remediation7.4.4 MFC for Heavy mental recovery7.4.5 MFC for hydrogen production7.4.6 MFC for Biosensor7.4.1 MFC for Biological Desalination7.5 outlook about MFC