Societies, Social Inequalities and Marginalization

Raghubir Chand’s primary research interests are in mountain geography with regard to the Himalayan environment and landscape ecology, socio-economic and demographic transformation of Himalayan societies, migration studies, agricultural productivity, cultural geography, environmental and livelihood support systems of tribal communities of Bhutan and other parts of the western Himalayas. He has published three books including Brokpas: The Himalayan Highlanders of Bhutan (2004) and Globalization and Marginalization in Mountain Regions (Springer, 2016). He has published 80 papers in various national and international journals. Further, he serves on the editorial board and is one of the founder members of PAHAR—a research journal of the People’s Association for Himalaya Area Research based in Nainital, India.Etienne Nel has research interests in regional, local and community economic development. He is currently the Managing Editor of the journal New Zealand Geographer and the Commissioning Editor for the journals Local Economy and Journal of Geography in Higher Education. He has edited/authored eight books and is currently engaged in two book projects with Routledge.Stanko Pelc has been involved in rural development and planning of transportation systems; at present, he teaches at the geography department as well as at the departments of pre-school and primary education. His research interests cover many different fields such as demography, transportation geography, local and regional development, marginality and marginalization, especially its social dimension and in the educational context. He has edited two books; he is the author of one book and one university textbook (all in Slovenian) and has contributed several chapters to books in English/German. He has recently published an online book about Slovenia’s urban population.

• Chapter 1. Introduction (Raghubir Chand).- Part I: Poverty, social inequalities, marginalization and globalization.- Chapter 2. Marginality and marginalization (Stanko Pelc).- Chapter 3. Poverty and Global Warming: an Example of the Kyrgyz Republic (Asylbek A. Aidarliev).- Chapter 4. Socio-economic wellbeing and mental health profile of rural hill women of Uttarakhand, India (Lata Pande).- Chapter 5. The Status of Marginalized Women Tea Garden Workers in the Mountain ecosystem of Darjeeling in a Globalised Village (Moushumi Datta).- Chapter 6. Level of Socio-Economic Development in the Mountain Watershed of Uttarakhand State (India) (Savita Chauniyal).- The Tales of Origin and Settling Process of Marginal Societies in Bhutan (Aditi Chand).- Part II: Indigenous communities, identity, livelihood practices and biodiversity.- Chapter 8. Consequences of the Ottoman Land Law: Agrarian and Privatization Processes in Palestine, 1858-1918 (Ruth Kark).- Chapter 9. Negev Bedouin and Indigenous People: A Comparative Review (Havazelet Yahel).- Chapter 10. Changing Identity, livelihood and Biodiversity of Indigenous Communities in The Eastern Himalaya with special reference to Aka Tribe (Gibji Nimasow).- Chapter 11. The changing socio-economic profile of the Shokas and Rangs vis-à-vis the loss of agro-diversity, and the exploitation of Yartsa Gunbu (the caterpillar mushroom): A case study of the Askote Conservation Landscape, district Pithoragarh, Kumaun Himalaya (Chandra Singh Negi).- Chapter 12. Brokpa Yak Herders of Bhutan: A Study in Pastoral Livelihood Patterns, Transhumance and “drukor” (Raghubir Chand).- Chapter 13. Occupational Diversification and Changing Marginality conditions of Brokpas of Bhutan in Twenty First Century (Raghubir Chand).- Chapter 14. Socio-Cultural and Nutritional Environment of a Marginal Community of Uttarakhand—A Case Study of Tharu Tribe (B. R. Pant).- Part III: Migration, depopulation and environmental fragility.- Chapter 15. Similarity of the Spatial Patterns of Net Migration and Unemployment in Finland (Olli Lehtonen).- Chapter 16. Regional Pattern of Migration Flows in Uttarakhand, India (R.C.S. Taragi).- Part IV: Policies and strategies.- Chapter 17. Tourism In the Swiss Alps: the human factor in local development (Walter Leimgruber).- Chapter 18. Garhwal Himalaya - Potential of Cash Crops in Attaining Food Security and Enhancing Livelihoods - Khanda Gad Watershed case study (Vishwambhar Prasad Sati.